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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2023.01.06</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-10</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕИ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фиксированная дата выборов в парламент: новый формат взаимодействия законодательной и исполнительной власти в Великобритании и Канаде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A fixed date of parliamentary election as a new format of interaction between legislative and executive power in the UK and Canada</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зазнаев</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaznaev</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зазнаев Олег Иванович, доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий Кафедрой политологии</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Oleg.Zaznaev@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan federal university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Законодательные исследования в политической науке</issue-title><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зазнаев О.И., 1970</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1970</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зазнаев О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaznaev O.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/10">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/10</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируется новый феномен в законодательстве и политической практике Великобритании и Канады, влияющий на взаимоотношения исполнительной и законодательной власти, – установление фиксированной даты проведения выборов в легислатуры. В 2011 г. в Великобритании был принят «Акт о парламентах с фиксированным сроком полномочий» (отменен в 2022 г.), который установил фиксированную дату всеобщих выборов – первый четверг мая пятого календарного года после предыдущих выборов. После отмены этого Акта (так же, как и до его принятия) выборы по закону должны проводиться не реже одного раза в пять лет. При этом за премьер-министром сохраняется право посоветовать монарху воспользоваться королевской прерогативой досрочного роспуска парламента. Автор рассматривает политические условия принятия и отмены Акта 2011 г., аргументы его сторонников и противников, способы «обхода» закона. Автор приходит к выводу, что введение фиксированного срока палаты общин практически никак не повлияло на свободу действий премьер-министра по объявлению досрочных выборов.Исторически даты выборов в канадский парламент и законодательные собрания провинций Канады не были фиксированы и определялись премьер-министром и премьерами провинций по их усмотрению, что критиковалось, поскольку давало весомые преимущества правительству и правящей партии. В 2001 г. Британская Колумбия первой приняла закон о фиксированной дате провинциальных выборов. Ее примеру последовали некоторые другие провинции. В 2007 г. фиксированная дата была установлена на федеральном уровне – третий понедельник октября каждые четыре года. В статье ставится вопрос о том, превратился ли канадский парламент в конгресс в связи с этой новацией. Отвечая на него отрицательно, автор анализирует положения законов и судебных решений, а также практику института фиксации даты выборов.В статье сделан общий вывод о том, что несмотря на новые тенденции в развитии института роспуска парламента, парламентская система в Великобритании и Канаде остается гибкой: она дает премьер-министру выбор альтернатив поведения в случае возникновения политических разногласий. Автор подчеркивает, что несмотря на новшества, парламентаризм в этих двух странах сохраняет свои сущностные свойства. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes a new phenomenon in the legislation and political practice of the Great Britain and Canada – the establishment of a fixed date for the elections of legislatures. In 2011, the UK passed the Fixed Term Parliaments Act (repealed in 2022), which the first time legislated a fixed date for elections to the House of Commons. Before and after the repeal of this Act, elections by law must be held at least once every five years, but the Prime Minister could and can advise the monarch to use the royal prerogative of early dissolution of parliament. The author examines the political conditions for the adoption and repeal of this Act, the arguments of its supporters and opponents, ways of «bypassing» the Act. The author concludes that the introduction of a fixed term for the House of Commons had practically no effect on the prime minister's freedom of action to call early elections. Historically, the dates for elections to the Canadian Parliament and the provincial legislatures of Canada were not fixed and were determined by the prime minister and provincial premiers at their discretion, which was criticized because it gave significant advantages to the government and the ruling party. In 2001, British Columbia was the first to pass legislation to fix the date of provincial elections. Several other provinces followed suit. In 2007, a fixed date was set at the federal level. The article raises the question of whether the Canadian parliament has become a congress due to this innovation. Answering it in the negative, the author analyzes the provisions of laws and court decisions, as well as the practice of the institution of fixing the date of elections. The article draws a general conclusion that despite new trends in the development of the institution of parliamentary dissolution, the parliamentary system in the UK and Canada remains flexible: it gives the Prime Minister a choice of alternatives to conduct in the event of political disagreements. The author emphasizes that despite the innovations, parliamentarism in the UK and Canada retains its essential properties. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парламентаризм</kwd><kwd>Вестминстерская система</kwd><kwd>выборы в палату общин</kwd><kwd>фиксированная дата выборов</kwd><kwd>Акт о парламентах с фиксированным сроком полномочий</kwd><kwd>прерогативы короны</kwd><kwd>палата общин Великобритании</kwd><kwd>палата общин Канады</kwd><kwd>премьер-министр Великобритании</kwd><kwd>премьер-министр Канады</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>parliamentarism</kwd><kwd>Westminster system</kwd><kwd>elections to the House of Commons</kwd><kwd>fixed date of elections</kwd><kwd>Fixed term parliaments act</kwd><kwd>Crown prerogatives</kwd><kwd>British House of Commons</kwd><kwd>Canadian House of Commons</kwd><kwd>Prime Minister of Great Britain</kwd><kwd>Prime Minister of Canada</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blick A. 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