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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2024.02.01</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-1073</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОСТОЯНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые вызовы для политической науки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New challenges for political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельвиль</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melville</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельвиль Андрей Юрьевич, доктор философских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, декан и научный руководитель Факультета социальных наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Melville Andrei</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amelville@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Меняющиеся мировые порядки</issue-title><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельвиль А.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельвиль А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melville A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1073">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1073</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются некоторые теоретико-методологические вызовы, вставшие в последние годы перед современной политической наукой. Эти вызовы имеют как онтологический, так и эпистемологический характер, то есть проистекают из объективной социально-экономической и политической динамики и из возникающих теоретико-методологических дилемм политического знания. Среди первых прежде всего можно выделить характер и последствия крушения (кризиса) миропорядка, сложившегося после окончания холодной войны. Далее, это исчерпанность линейной парадигмы политического развития (от модернизации до демократизации) и подъем «новой консервативной волны». Нерешенным остается также вопрос о ключевых драйверах политического развития – социально-экономических vs культурно-ценностных. Важным вызовом является также значительная вариативность и «нового авторитаризма», в том числе как относительно эффективного инструмента социально-экономического развития, так и современных демократий. Применительно к демократии сейчас едва ли не сквозная тема, привлекающая все больше внимания, – не ее подрыв «извне», а более или менее постепенная и плавная эрозия «изнутри». Проблемы состоятельности и устойчивости современных государств тоже активно дискутируются исследователями, и одним из результатов этих дискуссий может стать преодоление давно установившегося фокуса на режимных критериях в оценке современных государств. Среди эпистемологических вызовов выделяется соотношение количественных и качественных методов, проблемы меж-, много- и трансдисциплинарности и т.п. В данной статье рассматриваются некоторые из вызовов первого рода.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article deals with some new theoretical and methodological challenges for contemporary political science to wait for consideration. These challenges are ontological and epistemological; on the one hand, they derive from the objective dynamics the political, economic and social reality and, on the other hand, from the emerging dilemmas of political science itself. The first type of challenges comprises the following ones: the collapse of the post-Cold war world order, the absence of the new theory of political development, the new conservative wave and its consequences. The question of key drivers of political development – socio-economic vs. cultural and value-based – is among academic issues to be addressed. The significant variability of both authoritarianism and democracy is also a essential challenge. In relation to democracies, there is now almost a crosscutting topic of more or less gradual and smooth erosion of democracies “from within” (in contrast to undermining of democracies “from the outside” in the 20th century). The issues of capacity and resilience of modern states are also actively discussed by researchers; there is a possibility that these discussions will help to overcome the long-established focus on regime characteristics in the assessment of modern states. Among epistemological challenges, it is worth mentioning the balance of quantitative and qualitative methods, the problem of multidisciplinary approach, etc. This article concentrates on the first type of challenges.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теоретико-методологические вызовы</kwd><kwd>мировой порядок</kwd><kwd>развитие</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>«новый авторитаризм»</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>государственная состоятельность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>theoretical and methodological challenges</kwd><kwd>world order</kwd><kwd>development</kwd><kwd>democracy</kwd><kwd>“new authoritarianism”</kwd><kwd>resilience</kwd><kwd>state capacity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках консорциума МГИМО МИД России и НИУ ВШЭ из средств гранта на реализацию программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the consortium of MGIMO University and HSE University and funded by the grant for the implementation of the Priority 2030 Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барановский В.Г., Кувалдин В.Б. 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