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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2024.02.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-1083</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕИ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ловушки статистики и опыт их обхода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Traps set by statistics and how to evade them</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каберник</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabernik</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каберник Виталий Владимирович, ведущий эксперт Управления научных и инновационных проектов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kabernik Vitaly</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vic@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">MGIMO University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Меняющиеся мировые порядки</issue-title><fpage>237</fpage><lpage>261</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каберник В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каберник В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kabernik V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1083">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1083</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье с критической точки зрения рассматриваются подходы к государственному управлению, основанному на данных, а также характерные ошибки в принятии решений, которые проистекают из ненадежных данных и их неверных интерпретаций. Приводятся исторические примеры заблуждений, допущенных министром обороны США Р. Макнамарой, рассматривается пагубная политика отбрасывания качественных оценок в пользу использования только и исключительно измеримых параметров. На примере некорректной интерпретации демографической статистики в Косово рассмотрено влияние заведомо ложной и некритически воспринимаемой информации на принятие решений в части внутренней национальной политики бывшей Югославии и дальнейшей гуманитарной интервенции под эгидой защиты албанского населения от геноцида. Рассматриваются причины этих заблуждений, приводятся примеры корректных интерпретаций. Далее автор фокусируется на прикладном аспекте: на основе опыта автора в предварительном анализе и обработке данных, используемых в реализации научных проектов, предлагаются способы обхода типичных «ловушек» статистики, ведущих к некорректным интерпретациям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article takes a critical view of the data-driven approaches to public management and the common pitfalls in decision-making stemming from unreliable data and misinterpretations. Historical examples of misconceptions made by US Secretary of Defense R. McNamara are given, and the disastrous policy of discarding qualitative assessments in favor of using only measurable parameters are examined. By the example of incorrect interpretation of demographic statistics in Kosovo, the influence of deliberately false and uncritically perceived information in decision-making regarding the national policy in the former Yugoslavia and further humanitarian intervention under the auspices of protecting the Albanian population from genocide are examined. The reasons for these misconceptions are studied and examples of correct interpretations are provided. The author also focuses on the means to avoid traps set by available statistics. Basing on the author’s experience in preliminary analysis and processing of data used in academic projects, methods are proposed to circumvent the typical “traps” of statistics that lead to incorrect interpretations and findings.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>управление</kwd><kwd>основанное на данных</kwd><kwd>данные</kwd><kwd>статистика</kwd><kwd>заблуждение Макнамары</kwd><kwd>закон Гудхарта</kwd><kwd>временные ряды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>data-driven policy</kwd><kwd>data</kwd><kwd>statistics</kwd><kwd>McNamara fallacy</kwd><kwd>Goodhart's law</kwd><kwd>time series</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена в рамках консорциума МГИМО МИД России и НИУ ВШЭ из средств гранта на реализацию программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was prepared within the consortium of MGIMO University and HSE University and funded by the grant for the implementation of the Priority 2030 Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basler M. 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