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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2024.02.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-1084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕИ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Валидность индексов «мягкой силы»: от вызовов к решениям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The validity of soft power indices: from challenges to solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриневич</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinevich</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гриневич Полина Александровна, студент бакалавриата Факультета социальных наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grinevich Polina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pagrinevich@edu.hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочарова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочарова Александра Павловна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник Международной лаборатории исследований мирового порядка и нового регионализма</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bocharova Alexandra</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apbocharova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стукал</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stukal</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стукал Денис Константинович, PhD, кандидат политических наук, доцент Департамента политики и управления Факультета социальных наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stukal Denis</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dstukal@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Меняющиеся мировые порядки</issue-title><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>281</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гриневич П.А., Бочарова А.П., Стукал Д.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гриневич П.А., Бочарова А.П., Стукал Д.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grinevich P.A., Bocharova A.P., Stukal D.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1084">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1084</self-uri><abstract><p>Потенциал государства в развитии его «мягкой силы» – важный компонент оценки государственной состоятельности. «Мягкая сила» государства свидетельствует не только о его внешней привлекательности и неформальном влиянии на решения, принимаемые другими международными акторами; это еще и важный показатель наличия у страны потенциала для влияния на формирование наиболее благоприятной для государства внешней среды. Валидность индексов «мягкой силы» до сих пор систематическим образом не исследовалась, что является существенным ограничением на пути к практическому применению разработанных индексов в сравнительных эмпирических исследованиях. Результаты анализа валидности показали, что существующие индексы «мягкой силы» не лишены ряда проблем, таких так неизвестный или необоснованный выбор способа агрегирования данных, несоответствие прокси-переменных концептуализации, а также включение в анализ результатов опросов общественного мнения и экспертных опросов. С учетом обнаруженных проблем в данной работе были сформулированы и опробованы способы их преодоления. Это, в первую очередь, измерение ресурсов «мягкой силы», опора на строгую концептуализацию, отказ от использования субъективных данных и использование метода главных компонент для более методологически обоснованного определения итоговых весов используемых признаков. Данная работа показывает пример того, как может выглядеть более валидный индекс, при этом выбор как прокси-переменных, так и возможных измерений «мягкой силы» нуждается в дальнейшем обсуждении и уточнении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The potential of a state in developing its “soft power” is an important component in assessing its state capacity. A nation’s “soft power” not only refers to its external attractiveness and informal influence on decisions made by other international actors, but also serves as an important indicator of a country's potential to affect the formation of a more favorable external environment. The validity of “soft power” indices has not so far been thoroughly studied. This gap poses a significant limitation to practical applications of these indices in comparative empirical research. We fill this gap by conducting the validity analysis and showing that existing “soft power” indices present a number of challenges, including an unknown or unjustified choice of data aggregation method, inconsistency in the conceptualization of proxy variables, and the inclusion of survey results of public opinion and expert surveys in the analysis. This study introduces and tests some ways to overcome the identified problems. These include measuring only the resources of “soft power”, relying on a rigorous conceptual framework, refraining from using subjective data, and employing the principal component method for a more methodologically sound selection of the final weights. This work provides an example of how a more valid index could be developed, though the choice of both proxy variables and possible measurements of “soft power” still requires further empirical research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«мягкая сила»</kwd><kwd>индексы «мягкой силы»</kwd><kwd>метод главных компонент</kwd><kwd>валидность индексов</kwd><kwd>государственная состоятельность</kwd><kwd>ресурсы «мягкой силы»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>“soft power”</kwd><kwd>“soft power” indices</kwd><kwd>the method of principal components</kwd><kwd>the validity of indices</kwd><kwd>state solvency</kwd><kwd>“soft power” resources</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках консорциума МГИМО МИД России и НИУ ВШЭ из средств гранта на реализацию программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the consortium of MGIMO University and HSE University and funded by the grant for the implementation of the Priority 2030 Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галларотти Г.М. 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