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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2024.03.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-1119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАКУРСЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неформальные взаимодействия политических партий при формировании правительства Испании (на материалах электорального цикла 2023 г.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informal interaction between political parties in the formation of the Spanish government (based on the materials of the 2023 electoral cycle)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранов Андрей Владимирович, доктор политических наук, доктор исторических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры политологии и политического управления</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baranov Andrey Vladimirovich</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranovandrew@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban state university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Парламентаризм в современном мире</issue-title><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранов А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1119">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1119</self-uri><abstract><p>Тема статьи актуальна ввиду того, что неформальные институты играют важную роль в функционировании политических систем. Кризис политических партий, проявляющийся во всех странах Запада, с особой силой выражен в современной Испании. Цель статьи – выяснить неформальные взаимодействия политических партий Испании на примере межпартийных переговоров о формировании правительства в 2023 г. Методологическая основа работы – исторический неоинституционализм. Эмпирическая основа исследования – выступления политических деятелей, результаты социологических опросов и парламентских выборов, статьи в периодической печати (газетах El Pais, La Vanguardia и OKDiario).Раскрыто влияние параметров институционального дизайна (пропорциональной избирательной системы с низким заградительным барьером и высокой регионализацией партийной системы) на применение неформальных институтов в Испании. Политические партии Испании применяют при формировании правительства неформальные взаимодействия: переговоры, обмен ресурсами (поддержка избрания кандидатур в обмен на признание статуса региональных языков), проекты договоров о сотрудничестве, обещания амнистии и проведения референдума, отставки и исключения из партий недовольных. При формировании правительства размежевание «унитаристы – сепаратисты» было важнее линии «левые – правые».Развитие теневых переговоров зависело от исхода голосования по кандидатурам на должность премьер-министра: А. Нуньеса Фейхоо (Народная партия) и П. Санчеса Переса-Кастехона (ИСРП). Победа кандидата социалистов подтвердила растущую роль региональных партий и проблематики центр-периферийных отношений в формировании правительства. Но реализовать условия избрания П. Санчеса – амнистию лидеров каталонских сецессионистов и провести референдум о политическом статусе Каталонии будет для правительства нелегко и потребует нового тура теневых переговоров между партиями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The topic of the article is relevant due to the fact that informal institutions play an important role in the functioning of political systems. The crisis of political parties, manifested in all Western countries, is especially pronounced in contemporary Spain. The purpose of the article is to find out the informal interactions of Spanish political parties using the example of inter-party negotiations on the formation of a government in 2023. The methodological basis of the work is historical neo-institutionalism. The empirical basis of the research comprises the speeches of political figures, the results of opinion polls and parliamentary elections, articles in periodicals (newspapers «El Pais», «La Vanguardia» and «OKDiario»). The influence of the parameters of institutional design (proportional electoral system with a low barrier and high regionalization of the party system) on the use of informal institutions in Spain is revealed. Spanish political parties use informal interaction practices when forming a government: negotiations, exchange of resources (support for the election of candidates in exchange for recognition of the status of regional languages), draft cooperation agreements, promises of amnesty and a referendum, resignations and expulsions from the parties of dissatisfied. When forming the government, the separation of «Unitarians – separatists» was more important than the line «left – right». The development of shadow negotiations depended on the outcome of the vote on candidates for the post of Prime Minister – A. Nuñes Feijoo (People’s Party) and P. Sanchez Perez-Castejon (Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party). The victory of the Socialist candidate confirmed the growing role of regional parties and the problems of center-peripheral relations in the formation of the Spanish government. At the same time, it will not be easy for the government to implement the conditions for the election of P. Sanchez – an amnesty for the leaders of the Catalan secessionists and a referendum on the political status of Catalonia and will require a new round of shadow negotiations between the parties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неформальные политические институты</kwd><kwd>политические партии</kwd><kwd>взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>Испания</kwd><kwd>выборы 2023 г.</kwd><kwd>формирование правительства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>informal political institutions</kwd><kwd>political parties</kwd><kwd>interactions</kwd><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>elections in 2023</kwd><kwd>formation of the government</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуселетов Б.П. 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