politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2025.02.04politscience-1175Research ArticleРАКУРСЫIn verbum veritas: победные фреймы в дискурсивном пространстве итальянских крайне правых популистовIn verbum veritas: winning frames in the discursive space of Italian far right populistshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1908-0613ХаритоноваО. Г.KharitonovaO. G.

Харитонова Оксана Геннадьевна, доцент кафедры сравнительной политологии

Москва

Kharitonova Oxana

Moscow

o.haritonova@inno.mgimo.ruАбдуллаевШ. И.AbdullaevSh. E.

Абдуллаев Шамиль Исаевич, студент

Москва

Abdullaev Shamil

Moscow

Abdullaev_Sa_I@my.mgimo.ruПастушенкоЕ. В.PastushenkoE. V.

Пастушенко Екатерина Владимировна, студентка

Москва

Pastushenko Ekaterina

Moscow

Pastusenko_E_V@my.mgimo.ruМосковский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской ФедерацииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation20252305202502Слова и символы как медиаторы в политике и политических исследованиях88114Copyright © Харитонова О.Г., Абдуллаев Ш.И., Пастушенко Е.В., 20252025Харитонова О.Г., Абдуллаев Ш.И., Пастушенко Е.В.Kharitonova O.G., Abdullaev S.E., Pastushenko E.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1175

В настоящее время «популистский момент» (Ш. Муфф) совпал с четвертой волной развития крайне правых партий, нарастивших свой коалиционный потенциал в результате мейнстриминга (К. Мюдде). В Италии примерами таких партий стали «Лига» и «Братья Италии». Статья посвящена проблематике дискурса крайне правых популистских лидеров до и после прихода к власти. Сделана попытка определить выигрышную формулу дискурса Дж. Мелони и М. Сальвини через выявление дискурсивной конфигурации фреймов популизма и нативизма и их трансформацию во времени. С этой целью были критически рассмотрены подходы к популизму и нативизму, проведен контент-анализ фреймов популизма и нативизма в речах М. Сальвини и Дж. Мелони и дискурс-анализ конструирования и репрезентации «народа» и «других». Проведенный анализ выявил разные конфигурации фреймов популизма и нативизма и разные степени радикализации правопопулистского дискурса. В дискурсе М. Сальвини произошла трансформация образа «народа» (от паданцев к итальянской нации), которому противопоставлялась «элита» в лице евробюрократов (ранее политические управленцы в Риме) и группа «ненарода» – иммигранты, прибывающие, прежде всего, из Азии и Африки и исповедующие ислам. В дискурсе Дж. Мелони сменились акценты с символического на экономический нативизм и шовинизм благосостояния, на место «борьбы» с «чужими» пришла проактивная позиция перераспределения благ и поддержки законности и правопорядка. Показано, что формула успеха Дж. Мелони заключалась в постепенной дерадикализации крайне правого дискурса и исключении из него неключевых и противоречивых вопросов.

Currently, the “populist moment” (C. Mouffe) coincided with the fourth wave of the postwar far right, which increased potential of their coalition through the mainstreaming (C. Mudde). In Italy, examples of such parties were the Lega (League) and the Fratelli d’Italia (Brothers of Italy). The paper deals with the discourse of far-right populist leaders before and after coming to power. In order to determine the winning discourse formula of Meloni and Salvini the discursive configurations of the frames of populism and nativism and their transformation over time are identified. To this end, it was necessary to critically examine the approaches to populism and nativism; to make a content analysis of the frames of populism and nativism in the speeches of Salvini and Meloni and to carry out a discourse analysis of the construction and representation of “the people” and “others”. The analysis revealed different configurations of the frames of populism and nativism and different degrees of radicalization of right-wing populist discourse. In Salvini’s discourse the study detected the transformation of the image of the “people” (from the Padan people to the Italian nation), which was contrasted with the “elite” represented by European bureaucrats (previously political managers in Rome) and the group of “others” – Muslim immigrants arriving primarily from Asian and African countries. In Meloni’s discourse, the emphasis from symbolic nativism was redirected to economic nativism and welfare chauvinism; the “fight” against “strangers” was replaced by a proactive position of redistributing goods and supporting law and order. The paper concludes that Meloni’s formula for success was the gradual deradicalization of far-right discourse and the exclusion of non-core and controversial issues.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.