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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2025.03.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-1202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАКУРСЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кооптация движений за самоопределение в государствах современной Европы как механизм управления политико-территориальной гетерогенностью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Co-optation of self-determination movements in contemporary European states as a mechanism of governance of political-territorial heterogeneity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грабевник</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grabevnik</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грабевник Михаил Владимирович, кандидат политических наук, научный сотрудник Отдела по исследованию политических институтов и процессов Института гуманитарных исследований Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grabevnik MikhailPerm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhailgrabevnik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский федеральный исследовательский институт Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Многоуровневая политика и политико-территориальная гетерогенность</issue-title><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грабевник М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грабевник М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grabevnik M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1202">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1202</self-uri><abstract><p>Кооптация движения за самоопределение может выступать в качестве механизма управления политико-территориальной гетерогенностью в современных многосоставных политиях. Исследовательское внимание в настоящей статье напрвлено на феномен кооптации движений за самоопределение общенациональным властями в государствах современной Европы в период 1990–2024 годов. В качестве ключевой аналитической задачи выступает фиксация случаев институциональной кооптации движений за самоопределение в государствах Европы в период 1990–2024 годов, их классификация с учетом критериев устойчивости и длительности процесса, а также характеристика (на примере отдельных случаев) кооптации как механизма управления политико-территориальной гетерогенностью. В первой части статьи описана авторская концептуализация кооптации движений за самоопределение, сравнительные параметры и границы классификации. Во второй части представлены случаи институциональной кооптации движений за самоопределение в государствах Европы в период 1990–2024 годов и их классификация с учетом критериев устойчивости и длительности описываемого явления. Завершающая часть посвящена сравнительному описанию классов кооптации и рассмотрению отдельных примеров кооптации как механизма управления политикотерриториальной гетерогенностью. Зафиксированы три ключевых класса институциональной кооптации: устойчивые правительственные высокой степени с разными партиями и средней степени с одним (или несколькими) идеологически близким партнером, а также минимальной степени с разными партиями власти (но с наличием приоритетных партнеров). Установлено, что кооптация как механизм управления политико-территориальной гетерогенностью чаще всего проявляется в формате устойчивых и длительных правительственных кооптаций с различными партийными и идеологическими партнерами, что обусловлено необходимостью нивелирования радикальных актуальных угроз целостности государства. Сделаны предположения в отношении возможных различий механизма кооптации движений за самоопределения и традиционного формата кооптаций оппозиционных партий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Co-optation of self-determination movements can be considered as a mechanism of governance of political-territorial heterogeneity in contemporary polities. In the article, the author classifies formats of co-optation of self-determination movements by national authorities in European states in 1990–2024. The main research task is to collect empirically observed cases of institutional co-optation of self-determination movements and classify them by the criteria of degree and sustainability. The first part of the article presents the author’s conceptualization of co-optation of self-determination movements, comparative parameters and boundaries of classification. The second part of the article presents empirically observed cases of institutional co-optation of self- determination movements in European states in 1990–2024 and their classification considering the criteria of stability and duration of co-optation. The final part is devoted to a comparative description of co-optation classes and fixation on individual examples of co-optation as a mechanism for managing political-territorial heterogeneity. Three key clusters of institutional co-optations are identified: stable government co-optations of a high degree with different parties, stable government co-optations of a medium degree with one or more close ideological partners, co-optations of a minimal degree with different parties. It has been established that co-optation as a mechanism for governance of political-territorial heterogeneity most often observed in the format of stable and long-term government co-optations with various party and ideological partners. This is due to the needs to eliminate radical demands from self-determination movements and preserve the political-territorial integrity of the state. Assumptions are made regarding possible differences in the mechanism of co-optation of self-determination movements and the traditional format of co-optation of opposition parties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кооптация</kwd><kwd>движения за самоопределение</kwd><kwd>политикотерриториальная гетерогенность</kwd><kwd>регионализм</kwd><kwd>сепаратизм</kwd><kwd>регионалистские партии</kwd><kwd>Европа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>co-optation</kwd><kwd>self-determination movements</kwd><kwd>political-territorial het- erogeneity</kwd><kwd>regionalism</kwd><kwd>separatism</kwd><kwd>regionalist parties</kwd><kwd>Europe</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-18-00530, https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00530/ (проект «Почему заимствуют неэффективные институты? Управление политико-территориальной гетерогенностью и обеспечение территориальной целостности государства») в Пермском федеральном исследовательском центре УрО РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-18-00530, https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00530/ (project «Why do inefficient institutions borrow? Management of political and territorial heterogeneity and ensuring territorial integrity State») at the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грабевник М.В. Политико-территориальная целостность Соединенного Королевства: институциональные инновации и подражательный изоморфизм // Вестник Пермского университета. 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