politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2025.03.03politscience-1212Research ArticleСОСТОЯНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫДиффузия политики в многоуровневых политических системах: как распространяются политические инновации между иерархическими юрисдикциямиPolicy diffusion in multi-level political systems: How political innovations spread across hierarchical jurisdictionsСемушкинаЕ. С.SemushkinaE. S.

Семушкина Екатерина Сергеевна, старший преподаватель департамента политологии и международных отношений, стажер-исследователь Лаборатории урбанистических исследованийСанкт-Петербург

Semushkina Ekaterina

Saint Petersburg

katerina.semushkina@gmail.comНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation20251509202503Многоуровневая политика и политико-территориальная гетерогенность6283Copyright © Семушкина Е.С., 20252025Семушкина Е.С.Semushkina E.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1212

Данная статья представляет собой систематический аналитический обзор исследований, посвященных анализу моделей распространения политических инноваций в многоуровневых политических системах и основных механизмов распространения политики между иерархическими юрисдикциями. Особое внимание уделяется изменению эффектов распространения политических инноваций в контексте трансформации современного поля политической науки и переключению внимания исследователей к системам многоуровневого управления с участием нетрадиционных акторов (multilevel governance). В работе представлен обзор двух основных подходов к теоретической концептуализации процесса распространения политических инноваций – диффузии политики (policy diffusion) и политического трансфера (policy transfer). В первой части исследования рассматривается эволюция указанных теоретических моделей и соответствующих им основных механизмов диффузии. Во второй части исследования определяются ключевые детерминанты диффузии политики – структурные, институциональные и агентские характеристики, дается описание основных каузальных механизмов данных детерминант. Особое внимание уделяется феномену вертикальной диффузии (vertical diffusion) политических инноваций. Заключительная часть статьи посвящена сравнению моделей диффузии политики в западном и незападном политических контекстах на примере сравнительного анализа распространения политических инноваций в многоуровневых политических системах Китая и США.

This article is a systematic analytical review of studies analyzing the patterns of policy innovation diffusion in multilevel political systems and the main mechanisms of policy diffusion between hierarchical jurisdictions. Particular attention is paid to the changing effects of policy innovation diffusion in the context of the transformation of the contemporary field of political science and the shift of researchers’ attention to multilevel governance systems involving non-traditional actors. The paper provides an overview of two main approaches to the theoretical conceptualization of the process of policy diffusion – policy diffusion and policy transfer. The first part of the study examines the evolution of these theoretical models and the main mechanisms of diffusion that correspond to them. The second part of the study identifies the key determinants of policy diffusion – structural, institutional and agency characteristics, and describes the main causal mechanisms of these determinants. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of vertical diffusion of policy innovations. The final part of the article is devoted to the comparison of policy diffusion models in Western and non-Western political contexts on the example of a comparative analysis of the policy diffusion in multilevel political systems of China and the United States.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.