politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2025.04.02politscience-1254Research ArticleСОСТОЯНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫПолитическая идеология как предмет политико-психологических исследований: аналитический обзорPolitical ideology as a matter of political psychological research: the analytical reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2754-8055МалиноваО. Ю.MalinovaО.

Малинова Ольга Юрьевна, доктор философских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела политической науки

Москва

Malinova Olga,

Moscow

omalinova@mail.ruИнститут научной информации по общественным наукам (ИНИОН) РАНРоссияINIONRussian Federation20250612202504Психология политических процессов4064Copyright © Малинова О.Ю., 20252025Малинова О.Ю.Malinova О.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1254

В статье представлен методологический анализ исследований идеологии в рамках политической психологии как одной из субдисциплин, активно работающей с данным явлением эмпирически. Принятая в политикопсихологической литературе интерпретация идеологии как набора взаимосвязанных убеждений и установок, организующих взгляды индивидов по политическим и социальным вопросам, отсекает многие компоненты понятия идеологии, которым придается важное значение в смежных дисциплинах – коллективный характер разделяемых убеждений, их связь с социальным положением группы, мировоззренческие и ценностные основания идеологии, ее значение для установления и поддержания отношений господства и т.п. Это позволяет сосредоточиться на том, что можно наблюдать эмпирически – на степени логической связанности политических установок индивидов, последовательно проверяя и уточняя предположения относительно эмпирических закономерностей. В статье рассматриваются дискуссии о методологии измерения идеологических различий, о валидности лево-правой шкалы и о проблеме «идеологической невинности» массовой части электората. Представлен обзор основных результатов зарубежных исследований психологических оснований политической идеологии. Обсуждается, каким образом политико-психологические исследования идеологии подкрепляют или проблематизируют подходы, развиваемые в других областях политической науки 

The article presents a methodological analysis of research of ideology within the framework of political psychology, as one of the subdisciplines that actively works with this phenomenon empirically. The interpretation of ideology as a set of interrelated beliefs and attitudes that organize individuals’ views on political and social issues, that is more or less conventional in the political-psychological literature, cuts off many components of the concept of ideology that are considered crucially important in other political subdisciplines, like a collective nature of shared beliefs, their connection with the social position of the group, its significance for establishing and maintaining relations of domination, etc. It facilitates focusing on what can be observed empirically – the degree of consistency of individuals’ political attitudes. The article analyzes the discussions about methodology of measuring ideological differences and validity of the left-right dimension in different contexts, about the problem of the “ideological innocence” of the mass public, and offers an overview of the main results of foreign studies of the psychological foundations of political ideology. It discusses how political psychological studies of ideology reinforce or problematize approaches developed in other areas of political science.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.