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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2026.01.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-1292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАКУРСЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социально-политические размежевания во Франции: итоги электоральных кампаний 2022-2024 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Socio-political cleavages in France during 2022–2024 electoral campaigns</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-6057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Евгения Александровна - кандидат политических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры сравнительной политологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia A. Zakharova.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.zakharova@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Изменения в электоральном ландшафте: структурные и институциональные факторы</issue-title><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>280</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1292">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1292</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются электоральные размежевания во Франции после выборов в Европейский парламент и досрочных выборов в Национальную ассамблею в 2024 г. в сравнении с президентскими и парламентскими выборами 2022 г. С опорой на теорию С. Липсета и С. Роккана автор рассматривает существующие размежевания на электоральной карте Франции и их трансформацию до и после выборов в Европейский парламент 2024 г. В фокусе исследования находится трансформация социальных расколов в политические противостояния и то, как эти противостояния отображаются в социально-территориальной структуре французских департаментов.</p><p>С помощью метода пространственного эконометрического анализа автор выявляет кластеры поддержки основных французских партий в департаментах, с помощью многофакторного районирования на основе параллельных координат рассматривает особенности поддержки партий с опорой на социально-экономические характеристики каждого департамента. Отмечается, что на выборах в Национальную ассамблею правые партии получили поддержку в самых северных департаментах, на востоке Франции, особенно на юго-востоке. Коалиция Э. Макрона получила большую поддержку в северо-западных департаментах, а левые – в промышленных департаментах и в столичном регионе, что связано, в числе прочего, и с размежеваниями на городские и сельские департаменты (в логике С. Липсета и С. Роккана – город – село). При этом во Франции выделяют два вида сельской местности: бокаж, или сельская местность северо-запада Франции (например, Бретань и Нормандия), и кампань, или сельская местность с равнинами и плато (например, в Лотарингии (северо-восток) или в Провансе (юго-восток)).</p><p>Немаловажными факторами являются увеличение неравенства и рост уровня бедности во Франции в 2023 г., что лишь усиливает рассматриваемые расколы. Акцентируются отличия между электоральной поддержкой правых партий на уровне европейских выборов и поддержкой левых на национальном уровне, что отражает новые размежевания по линии GAL / TAN.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article focuses on electoral cleavages in France following the 2024 European parliament elections and the National Assembly early elections in comparison to 2022 presidential and parliament elections. The author uses Lipset-Rokkan cleavages theory to analyze the existing cleavages on the French electoral map and their transformations before and after 2024 European Parliament elections. The author looks into not only social cleavages, but also their transformation into political ones and how these cleavages can be seen within socio-territorial structure of the French departments. Spatial econometric analyses show the clusters of support for major French parties / coalitions across 96 departments, multivariate explanatory data analysis shows correlation between party support and socio-economic characteristics of each department. Right-wing parties got support in the north-eastern departments, and in the south-eastern ones. Macron’s coalition is supported by the north-western departments, while the left parties gained support in the industrial departments and in the capital region. Thus, urban-rural cleavage is present today on the electoral map of France. Besides, France has two types of rural areas; the so-called bocage – the hedgerow countryside of northwestern part of France (e.g. Brittany and Normandy), and campagne – the open-field plains and plateaus (e.g. in Lorraine or Province). The increase in inequality and high poverty rates in 2023 accelerate the cleavages. The author emphasizes the differences between the electoral support for the right and the left parties at the European and national level, which bring to the new cleavage theory focusing on values and GAL/TAN cleavage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электоральные процессы</kwd><kwd>социально-политические размежевания</kwd><kwd>Франция</kwd><kwd>Национальная ассамблея</kwd><kwd>многофакторное районирование</kwd><kwd>кластеризация</kwd><kwd>эффект соседства</kwd><kwd>теория новых размежеваний</kwd><kwd>раскол по линии GAL / TAN</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electoral processes</kwd><kwd>socio-political cleavages</kwd><kwd>France</kwd><kwd>National Assembly</kwd><kwd>multivariate explanatory data analysis</kwd><kwd>clustering</kwd><kwd>neighbor effect</kwd><kwd>new cleavages</kwd><kwd>GAL / TAN cleavage</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках реализации гранта РНФ № 25-78-00052 «Структура и динамика идейно-политических размежеваний в Европе: пространственный анализ» (2025-2027, https://rscf.ru/project/RmbhFm1QKrBWVqKk0Po_i_aBpm_QM3Cux3tNP6ujSQGgL45qKQzdQieHAk5Go9uiL8WhJw9nq1I~/), выполняемого в МГИМО МИД РФ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) Grant No 25-78-00052 Structure and Dynamics of the Ideological and political Cleavages in Europe: Spatial Analysis (2025-2027, https://rscf.ru/project/RmbhFm1QKrBWVqKk0Po_i_aBpm_QM3Cuz3tNP6ujSQGgL45qKQzdQieHAk5Go9uiL8WhJw9nq1I~/), carried out at MGIMO University</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова Е.А. 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