politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2026.03.09politscience-1372Research ArticleРАКУРСЫФакторы институционального многообразия регионов России: случай перехода на одноуровневую модель местного самоуправления в 2020–2025 годахFactors of institutional diversity in Russia’s regions: the case of transition to a single-tier local government model in 2020–2025ШкельС. Н.ShkelS. N.

Шкель Станислав Николаевич, доктор политических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник сектора социологии власти и гражданского общества

Shkel Stanislav

stas-polit@yandex.ruДмитриеваВ. Д.DmitrievaV. D.

Дмитриева Валерия Денисовна, младший научный сотрудник сектора социологии власти и гражданского общества

Dmitrieva Valeria

ms.valeria.spb@mail.ruШваяА. Ю.ShvayaA. Yu.

Швая Андрей Юрьевич, младший научный сотрудник сектора социологии власти и гражданского общества

Shvaya Andrey

andrewshvaya@gmail.comСоциологический институт РАН – филиала ФНИСЦ РАНРоссияThe Sociological Institute of the RAS – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20260209202603Институциональный порядок в России и мире: теория и практики в ракурсе институциональной политологии177205Copyright © Шкель С.Н., Дмитриева В.Д., Швая А.Ю., 20262026Шкель С.Н., Дмитриева В.Д., Швая А.Ю.Shkel S.N., Dmitrieva V.D., Shvaya A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1372

Последний раунд муниципальной реформы в России планировался как очередной этап централизации и унификации институционального дизайна страны. Однако практическим итогом реформы стало сохранение институционального многообразия регионов на локальном уровне. В статье выявлены основные факторы, которые обусловили выбор региональными элитами конкретной модели муниципального устройства (одноуровневой или двухуровневой), и представлено теоретическое объяснение этой вариации. Исследование проведено с помощью сравнительного анализа двух российских регионов (Ярославской области и Республики Дагестан), которые демонстрируют разные модели организации муниципальной власти. Эмпирической базой выступают 30 полуструктурированных экспертных интервью. Анализ собранных данных позволил выявить три ключевых фактора, определивших выбор институциональной модели муниципального устройства: поселенческий, этнокультурный и экономический. В статье не только систематизированы эти факторы, но и раскрыты причинно-следственные механизмы их влияния на исход реформы в виде выбора модели местного самоуправления в рассматриваемых регионах. Полученные результаты раскрывают логику проводимых в России институциональных реформ, а также вносят вклад в более широкую научную дискуссию о главных причинах и детерминантах асимметричного институционального дизайна современных государств.

The most recent wave of municipal reform in Russia was conceived as a further step toward the centralization and standardization of the country’s institutional design. Contrary to these intentions, however, the reform resulted in the persistence of significant institutional variation at the subnational level. This article examines the determinants shaping regional elites’ choices between alternative models of municipal governance-specifically, single-tier and two-tier systems-and advances a theoretical explanation for this observed diversity. The study employs a comparative case analysis of two Russian regions, Yaroslavl Oblast and the Republic of Dagestan, which exemplify divergent approaches to municipal organization. The research uses thirty semi-structured expert interviews as an empirical foundation. The analysis identifies three principal factors influencing the selection of municipal institutional models: social-settlement structures, ethnocultural configurations, and economic conditions. Beyond categorizing these factors, the article elucidates the causal mechanisms through which they shape reform outcomes, as reflected in regional choices of local governance arrangements. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the internal logic of institutional reform in Russia and offer broader insights into the determinants of asymmetric institutional design in contemporary states.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.