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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2026.03.13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-1387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРВАЯ СТЕПЕНЬ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тропа насилия: ловушка Гоббса и механизмы эскалации в столкновениях между протестующими и полицией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3649-8145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клестов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клестов Даниил Александрович, аспирант Аспирантской школы пополитическим наукам</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klestov-57@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Институциональный порядок в России и мире: теория и практики в ракурсе институциональной политологии</issue-title><fpage>274</fpage><lpage>300</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клестов Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клестов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Клестов Д.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1387">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/1387</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена концептуализации эскалации протестного и полицейского насилия в ходе уличных акций. В качестве теоретической рамки используется модель ловушки Гоббса, описывающая ситуацию, при которой стороны конфликта действуют в условиях взаимного недоверия, ожидают худшего сценария и предпринимают упреждающие действия, тем самым повышая вероятность насильственного столкновения, а также формируя спираль насилия. На примере протестов в Швейцарии, Исландии и Финляндии демонстрируется, что резкая эскалация возможна даже в странах с высоким уровнем доверия к полиции, устойчивым правопорядком и низким уровнем политического насилия. В статье уточняется различие между протестным и полицейским насилием, а также подчеркивается их асимметричный характер. Автор предлагает дополнить пазл ловушки Гоббса требуются дополнительные детали в виде механизмов эскалации насилия. Для этого выделяются три механизма эскалации со стороны государства и полиции: чрезвычайность, маргинализация и безопасность. Им соответствуют ответные механизмы со стороны протестующих: защитная мобилизация, снижение издержек насилия и радикализация флангов. В совокупности они образуют тропу насилия – последовательную модель перехода от неопределенности намерений к определению угрозы, превентивному действию, ответной мобилизации, подтверждению исходного прогноза, силовому вмешательству и закреплению опыта столкновения.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>протесты</kwd><kwd>полиция</kwd><kwd>полицейское насилие</kwd><kwd>протестное насилие</kwd><kwd>эскалация</kwd><kwd>ловушка Гоббса</kwd><kwd>спираль насилия</kwd><kwd>механизмы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беленков В.Е. 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