politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2022.01.02politscience-297Research ArticleСОСТОЯНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫТраектории развития постсоветских идентичностей: подходы, модели, тенденцииTrajectories of development of post-soviet identities: approaches, models, trendsКазариноваД. Б.KazarinovaD. B.

Казаринова Дарья Борисовна, кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры сравнительной политологии

Москва

Moscow

d.kazarinova@mail.ruДунамалянН. А.DunamalyanN.

Дунамалян Норайр Арменович, кандидат политических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры политологии

Ереван

Yerevan

norayr.dunamalyan@rau.amРоссийский университет дружбы народовРоссияPeople’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Russian FederationРоссийско-Армянский (Славянский) университетАрменияRussian-Armenian UniversityArmenia20221105202301Политическое развитие на постимперских пространствах5279Copyright © Казаринова Д.Б., Дунамалян Н.А., 20232023Казаринова Д.Б., Дунамалян Н.А.Kazarinova D.B., Dunamalyan N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/297

 Развитию идентичностей стран постсоветского пространства посвящен большой массив научной литературы, исследование которой позволило авторам осуществить поиск общей логики и различий в развитии идентитарных процессов в странах постсоветского пространства. Выдвинута гипотеза, что с помощью анализа содержательных элементов политики памяти и символической политики, а также их структурных взаимосвязей можно вычленить модели постсоветской идентичности и сделать выводы о векторах ее развития. Визуализация ключевых месседжей в рамках символической политики и политики памяти стран постсоветского пространства (облака тэгов), а также данные экспертного опроса (N 12) позволили зафиксировать углубление тенденций, сложившихся за три десятилетия постсоветской истории, а также тренд на регионализацию постсоветских идентичностей, группирующихся вокруг нескольких моделей. Это модель «национально-цивилизационного сообщества»; «неосоветская» модель; «геополитическая» или «антиимперская» идентичность; модель поиска баланса между государственной, этнической и религиозной идентичностями; переходные «прикаспийские» идентичности; этнокультурная модель. Проведенный опрос об основных моделях постсоветских идентичностей подтвердил продолжающийся процесс взаимного дистанцирования обществ бывшего СССР на основе возникновения новых форм восприятия социальных и политических явлений.

The problems of the post-Soviet space remain an extremely controversial topic with a high degree of uncertainty of the subject field. However, studies of post-Soviet identity are more conceptualized, and the relevance of the topic in theoretical and practical terms is reflected in a large array of studies. The analysis of this array consists in searching for common logic and differences in the development of identity processes in certain groups of post-Soviet countries. By analyzing the content elements of memory policy and symbolic policy, as well as their structural relationships, it is possible to define models of post-Soviet identity and draw conclusions about their further features. Basing on the analysis of Russian and English-language literature the interpretive models of post-Soviet identities are to be constructed. Visualizing the key messages of the symbolic and memory policy of the post-Soviet countries (tag clouds), as well as analyzing of the expert survey (N 12), the authors highlight the deepening of trends that have developed over three decades of post-Soviet history as well as the regionalization of post-Soviet identities grouped around several models: the model of “national-civilizational community”; “neo-Soviet” model; “geopolitical” or “antiImperial” identity; the model of finding a balance between state, ethnic and religious identities; transitional “Caspian” identities; ethno-cultural model. The survey on the post-Soviet identities shows the ongoing process of distancing the societies from the former USSR basing on the new forms of perception of social and political phenomena. 

идентичностьпостсоветское пространствомодели формирования идентичностиполитика памятиРоссияАрменияэтнонационализмгражданская идентичностьстагнирующая идентичностьпостимперская идентичностьidentitypost-Soviet spacemodels of identitymemory policyRus- siaArmeniaethnonationalismcivic identitystagnating identitypost-imperial identityThe reported study was funded by RFBR and SC RA, project number N 20– 511–05025-арм_а «The development of civic identity in the post-Soviet space: trends, challenges, risks (on the example of Russia and Armenia)».ReferencesAdibekyan A., Elibegova A. Armenophobia in Azerbaijan. Yerevan: Center for Public Relations and Information at the Office of the President of Armenia, 2013, 332 p. (In Russ.)Adibekyan A., Elibegova A. Armenophobia in Azerbaijan. Yerevan: Center for Public Relations and Information at the Office of the President of Armenia, 2013, 332 p. (In Russ.)Bassin M., Kelly C. (eds). Soviet and Post-Soviet Identities. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2012, 370 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894732Bassin M., Kelly C. (eds). Soviet and Post-Soviet Identities. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2012, 370 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894732Biketova E., Chernyshov Y. Nation-Building in the Republic of Belarus and European Component in Belarusian Identity. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 2018, Vol. 62, N 1, P. 94–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2018-62-1-94-103 (In Russ.)Biketova E., Chernyshov Y. Nation-Building in the Republic of Belarus and European Component in Belarusian Identity. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 2018, Vol. 62, N 1, P. 94–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2018-62-1-94-103 (In Russ.)Chafetz G. The Struggle for a National Identity in Post-Soviet Russia. Political science quarterly. 1996, Vol. 111, N 4, P. 661–688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2152089 Daudov A., Alimdjanov B., Andreev A., Shorokhov V., Yanchenko D. The State PolicyChafetz G. The Struggle for a National Identity in Post-Soviet Russia. Political science quarterly. 1996, Vol. 111, N 4, P. 661–688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2152089 Daudov A., Alimdjanov B., Andreev A., Shorokhov V., Yanchenko D. The State Policyof Identity in Uzbekistan during the Late Soviet Period and the Age of Independence. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2018, N 5, P. 146–161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/s086954150001481-9 (In Russ.)of Identity in Uzbekistan during the Late Soviet Period and the Age of Independence. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. 2018, N 5, P. 146–161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/s086954150001481-9 (In Russ.)Empire and nation in the mirror of historical memory. Collection of articles of Ab Imperio magazine. 2011. Mode of access: http://mybook.ru/author/noauthor/imperiya-i-naciyav-zerkale-istoricheskoj-pamyati/read/?page=2 (accessed: 03.12.2021) (In Russ.)Empire and nation in the mirror of historical memory. Collection of articles of Ab Imperio magazine. 2011. Mode of access: http://mybook.ru/author/noauthor/imperiya-i-naciyav-zerkale-istoricheskoj-pamyati/read/?page=2 (accessed: 03.12.2021) (In Russ.)Forest B., Johnson J. Monumental politics: regime type and public memory in postCommunist states. Post-Soviet affairs. 2011, Vol. 27, N 3, P. 269–288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2747/1060-586X.27.3.269Forest B., Johnson J. Monumental politics: regime type and public memory in postCommunist states. Post-Soviet affairs. 2011, Vol. 27, N 3, P. 269–288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2747/1060-586X.27.3.269Forest B., Johnson J. Unraveling the threads of history: Soviet–Era monuments and post– Soviet national identity in Moscow. Annals of the Association of American geographers. 2002, Vol. 92, N 3, P. 524–547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.00303Forest B., Johnson J. Unraveling the threads of history: Soviet–Era monuments and post– Soviet national identity in Moscow. Annals of the Association of American geographers. 2002, Vol. 92, N 3, P. 524–547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.00303Forest B., Johnson J., Till K. Post‐totalitarian national identity: public memory in Germany and Russia. Social & cultural geography. 2004, Vol. 5, N 3, P. 357–380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1464936042000252778Forest B., Johnson J., Till K. Post‐totalitarian national identity: public memory in Germany and Russia. Social & cultural geography. 2004, Vol. 5, N 3, P. 357–380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1464936042000252778Gavrovskaya V.A. Independent Turkmenistan: formation of national discourse. Ideas and Ideals. 2010, Vol. 2, N 1(3), P. 117–123 (In Russ.)Gavrovskaya V.A. Independent Turkmenistan: formation of national discourse. Ideas and Ideals. 2010, Vol. 2, N 1(3), P. 117–123 (In Russ.)Gritsay, E., Nikolko, M. Ukraine: National identity in the mirror of Another. Vilnius: YSU, 2009, 220 p. (In Russ.)Gritsay, E., Nikolko, M. Ukraine: National identity in the mirror of Another. Vilnius: YSU, 2009, 220 p. (In Russ.)Isaacs R., Polese A. Nation-building and identity in the post-Soviet space: new tools and approaches. Oxon, New York: Routledge, 2016, 272 p.Isaacs R., Polese A. Nation-building and identity in the post-Soviet space: new tools and approaches. Oxon, New York: Routledge, 2016, 272 p.Iskandaryan A., Harutyunyan B. Armenia: "Karabakhization" of national history. In: Aimermacher K., Bordyugov G. (eds). National histories in Soviet and post-Soviet states. Moscow: AIRO-XX, 1999, P. 147–160. (In Russ.)Iskandaryan A., Harutyunyan B. Armenia: "Karabakhization" of national history. In: Aimermacher K., Bordyugov G. (eds). National histories in Soviet and post-Soviet states. Moscow: AIRO-XX, 1999, P. 147–160. (In Russ.)Kertman G.L. Traditionalist reinterpretation of democratic institutions in Russian political culture. In: Patrushev S.V. (ed.). Institutional political science: Modern institutionalism and political transformation of Russia. Moscow: ISP RAS, 2006, P. 436–447. (In Russ.)Kertman G.L. Traditionalist reinterpretation of democratic institutions in Russian political culture. In: Patrushev S.V. (ed.). Institutional political science: Modern institutionalism and political transformation of Russia. Moscow: ISP RAS, 2006, P. 436–447. (In Russ.)Kirchanov M.V. Georgia's European identity: the European idea and modern Georgian nationalism. Russian journal of nationalism studies. 2012, N 1, P. 11–25. (In Russ.)Kirchanov M.V. Georgia's European identity: the European idea and modern Georgian nationalism. Russian journal of nationalism studies. 2012, N 1, P. 11–25. (In Russ.)Letnyakov D. Nation-Building: Identity Policies in Post-Soviet States. Mir Rossii. 2016, Vol. 25, N 2, P. 144–167 (in Russ.)Letnyakov D. Nation-Building: Identity Policies in Post-Soviet States. Mir Rossii. 2016, Vol. 25, N 2, P. 144–167 (in Russ.)Levada Yu.A. We are looking for a man: sociological essays, 2000–2005. Moscow: Novoye izdatelstvo, 2006, 384 p. (In Russ.)Levada Yu.A. We are looking for a man: sociological essays, 2000–2005. Moscow: Novoye izdatelstvo, 2006, 384 p. (In Russ.)Malinova O. Yu. Constructing meanings: a study of symbolic politics in modern Russia. Moscow: INION RAS, 2013, 421 p. (In Russ.)Malinova O. Yu. Constructing meanings: a study of symbolic politics in modern Russia. Moscow: INION RAS, 2013, 421 p. (In Russ.)Marsh R.J. Literature, history and identity in post-Soviet Russia, 1991–2006. Oxford, Frankfurt, Bern, Berlin: Peter Lang, 2007, 594 p.Marsh R.J. Literature, history and identity in post-Soviet Russia, 1991–2006. Oxford, Frankfurt, Bern, Berlin: Peter Lang, 2007, 594 p.Moore D. Is the postin postcolonial the postin post-Soviet? Toward a global postcolonial critique. PMLA. Publications of the modern language association of America. 2001, Vol. 116, N 1, P. 111–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2001.116.1.111Moore D. Is the postin postcolonial the postin post-Soviet? Toward a global postcolonial critique. PMLA. Publications of the modern language association of America. 2001, Vol. 116, N 1, P. 111–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2001.116.1.111Nazukina M.V., Podvintsev O.B., Korovnikova N.A. (eds). Post-Soviet identity in the political dimension: realities, problems, prospects. Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific conference. Perm: Harmony, 2014, 128 p. (In Russ.)Nazukina M.V., Podvintsev O.B., Korovnikova N.A. (eds). Post-Soviet identity in the political dimension: realities, problems, prospects. Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific conference. Perm: Harmony, 2014, 128 p. (In Russ.)Oganisyan Yu.S. Post-Imperial syndrome: the problem of socio-historical continuity in search of Russian identity. Russian journal of philosophical sciences. 2012, N 11, P. 29–36. (In Russ.)Oganisyan Yu.S. Post-Imperial syndrome: the problem of socio-historical continuity in search of Russian identity. Russian journal of philosophical sciences. 2012, N 11, P. 29–36. (In Russ.)Omarov M.M. Institutional aspects in identity policy of the Central Asia states in the sphere of regional security. Regionologya – Regionology Russian Journal of Regional Studies. 2012, N 3 (80), P. 72–80. (In Russ.)Omarov M.M. Institutional aspects in identity policy of the Central Asia states in the sphere of regional security. Regionologya – Regionology Russian Journal of Regional Studies. 2012, N 3 (80), P. 72–80. (In Russ.)Pain E., Fedyunin S. Nation and democracy: perspectives of cultural diversity management. Moscow: Mysl, 2017, 266 p. (In Russ.)Pain E., Fedyunin S. Nation and democracy: perspectives of cultural diversity management. Moscow: Mysl, 2017, 266 p. (In Russ.)Pantin V.I. National and civilizational identity and political transformations in the modern world. In: Semenenko I.S. (ed.) Political identity and identity politics. Vol. 2: Identity and socio-political changes in the XXI century. Moscow: Rosspen, 2012. P. 114–132.Pantin V.I. National and civilizational identity and political transformations in the modern world. In: Semenenko I.S. (ed.) Political identity and identity politics. Vol. 2: Identity and socio-political changes in the XXI century. Moscow: Rosspen, 2012. P. 114–132.Petrosyan D.I., Svintsov I.V. Russians and neighboring peoples: equality and good neighborliness or the post-Imperial syndrome. In: Chernyshov Yu.A. (ed.). Diary of the Altai School of Political Studies. Modern Russia and the World: Development Alternatives (International Image of Russia in the XXI century): proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. 2007, N 23. Mode of access: http://politprosvet.narod.ru/Articles/Beztemi/Beztemi.htm (accessed: 30.10.2021). (In Russ.)Petrosyan D.I., Svintsov I.V. Russians and neighboring peoples: equality and good neighborliness or the post-Imperial syndrome. In: Chernyshov Yu.A. (ed.). Diary of the Altai School of Political Studies. Modern Russia and the World: Development Alternatives (International Image of Russia in the XXI century): proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. 2007, N 23. Mode of access: http://politprosvet.narod.ru/Articles/Beztemi/Beztemi.htm (accessed: 30.10.2021). (In Russ.)Podvintsev O. Post-imperial identity. In: Semenenko I. (ed.). Identity: The Individual, Society and Politics. An Encyclopedia. Moscow: Ves Mir, 2017, P. 358–362. (In Russ.)Podvintsev O. Post-imperial identity. In: Semenenko I. (ed.). Identity: The Individual, Society and Politics. An Encyclopedia. Moscow: Ves Mir, 2017, P. 358–362. (In Russ.)Samarkina I.V. Politics of memory and historical narrativeю In: Semenenko I. (ed.). Identity: The Individual, Society and Politics. An Encyclopedia. Moscow: Ves Mir, 2017, P. 666–671. (In Russ.)Samarkina I.V. Politics of memory and historical narrativeю In: Semenenko I. (ed.). Identity: The Individual, Society and Politics. An Encyclopedia. Moscow: Ves Mir, 2017, P. 666–671. (In Russ.)Sarkisyan H.L. Armenian identity: the problem of synthesis of models of “culturalhistorical” and “state” nation. In: Problems of national identity in the context of modern globalization. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. Yerevan: RAU, 2017, P. 134–152 (In Russ.)Sarkisyan H.L. Armenian identity: the problem of synthesis of models of “culturalhistorical” and “state” nation. In: Problems of national identity in the context of modern globalization. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. Yerevan: RAU, 2017, P. 134–152 (In Russ.)Semenenko I.S., Lapkin V.V., Bardin A.L., Pantin V.I. Between the state and the nation: dilemmas of identity policy in post-Soviet societies. Polis. Political Studies. 2017, N. 5, P. 54–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2017.05.05 (In Russ.)Semenenko I.S., Lapkin V.V., Bardin A.L., Pantin V.I. Between the state and the nation: dilemmas of identity policy in post-Soviet societies. Polis. Political Studies. 2017, N. 5, P. 54–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2017.05.05 (In Russ.)Shnirelman V.A. Memory wars: myths, identity and politics in Transcaucasia. Moscow: Akademkniga, 2003, 592 p. (In Russ.)Shnirelman V.A. Memory wars: myths, identity and politics in Transcaucasia. Moscow: Akademkniga, 2003, 592 p. (In Russ.)Spivak G.C., Condee N., Ram H., Chernetsky V. Are we postcolonial? Post-Soviet space. PMLA. 2006, Vol. 121, N 3, P. 828–836.Spivak G.C., Condee N., Ram H., Chernetsky V. Are we postcolonial? Post-Soviet space. PMLA. 2006, Vol. 121, N 3, P. 828–836.Surguladze V. National identity between the post-imperial syndrome and victim syndrome. Bulletin of Perm university. Political science. 2015, N 2, P. 56–74. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2015-2-54-72 (In Russ.)Surguladze V. National identity between the post-imperial syndrome and victim syndrome. Bulletin of Perm university. Political science. 2015, N 2, P. 56–74. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2015-2-54-72 (In Russ.)Tikhonova N. Post-Imperial syndrome or the search for national identity. In: Klyamkina A.M. (ed.). After the Empire. Moscow: Foundation Liberal mission, 2007, P. 156–176. (In Russ.)Tikhonova N. Post-Imperial syndrome or the search for national identity. In: Klyamkina A.M. (ed.). After the Empire. Moscow: Foundation Liberal mission, 2007, P. 156–176. (In Russ.)Tishkov V.A. The Russian people: the history and meaning of national identity. Moscow: Nauka, 2013, 649 p. (In Russ.)Tishkov V.A. The Russian people: the history and meaning of national identity. Moscow: Nauka, 2013, 649 p. (In Russ.)Torogeldieva B.M. Civil identity as a structural element political culture of the modern Kyrgyzstan. Development of Territories. 2017, N 1 (7), P. 12–16. (In Russ.)Torogeldieva B.M. Civil identity as a structural element political culture of the modern Kyrgyzstan. Development of Territories. 2017, N 1 (7), P. 12–16. (In Russ.)Toshchenko J.T. Mankurtism as a deformation of historical consciousness. Sociology of power, 2010, N 1, P. 6–18. (In Russ.)Toshchenko J.T. Mankurtism as a deformation of historical consciousness. Sociology of power, 2010, N 1, P. 6–18. (In Russ.)Yakubova N.S. Identification Crisis in the Transition Period of Society Development the Case of Azerbaijan. Ideas and ideals. 2019, Vol. 11, N 4–2, P. 443–453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2019-11.4.2-443-453 (In Russ.)Yakubova N.S. Identification Crisis in the Transition Period of Society Development the Case of Azerbaijan. Ideas and ideals. 2019, Vol. 11, N 4–2, P. 443–453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2019-11.4.2-443-453 (In Russ.)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.