politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАНpolitscience-32Research ArticleСтатьиЛИБЕРАЛИЗМ И ПРИРОДАLiberalism and natureВиссенбургМарсельwissenburg@fm.ru.nlWissenburgM.noemail@neicon.ruУниверситет Радбуд, Неймеген, НидерландыRussian Federation20101105202302Экология и политика88108Copyright © Виссенбург М., Wissenburg M., 20232023Виссенбург М., Wissenburg M.Виссенбург М., Wissenburg M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/32

Являются ли несовместимыми либеральные принципы и ценности защиты окружающей среды? Исходя из различения классического и социального либерализма, а также энвайронментализма (взгляд на природу как источник ресурсов) и экологизма (видение природы в качестве самодостаточной ценности), автор статьи рассматривает следующие области конфликта между ними: 1) либерализм, несмотря на стремление к этической нейтральности, не может развить никакого иного понимания природы, кроме ориентированного на интересы человека; 2) либерализм представляется неизлечимо антропоцентричным; 3) либерализм поддерживает права частной собственности в ущерб требованиям экологической этики. На протяжении последних 25 лет либеральные авторы восприняли многие идеи энвайронментализма и даже экологизма: они согласились с необходимостью видеть в природе нечто большее, чем резервуар ресурсов; они признают важность сохранения природы не только для нынешних поколений и допускают возможность ограничений, направленных против злоупотребления правами собственности. Не существует фундаментального противоречия между защитой природы и утверждением человеческого достоинства через эмансипацию личности; они могут даже рассматриваться в качестве взаимодополняющих целей. Остаются расхождения между либерализмом и экологизмом как политическими теориями: либерализм по определению является индивидуалистической теорией, провозглашающей приоритет прав личности, включая и права собственности, и декларирующей моральный плюрализм, который в принципе исключает единый (экологический) путь к спасению.

Are liberal and environmental concerns incompatible? Distinguishing between classical and social liberalism, and between environmentalism (seeing nature as resources) and ecologism (seeing it as in itself valuable), this text discusses the areas of genuine conflict. Three such areas are identified: 1) liberalism, despite its preference for ethical neutrality, ignores the non-political, and has thus never developed any other notion of nature than as the other of humanity; 2) liberalism seems to be incurably anthropocentric; and 3) liberalism supports individual property rights to the disadvantage of ecologically minded ethics. Li- beral authors have, over the past 25 years, adopted many environmentalist and even ecologist ideas: they have made room for an appreciation of nature as more than resources only, as important to others than presently existing humans only, and as worth protecting against undesirable consequencesofpropertyrights.There is no fundamental contradiction between affirming human dignity through individual emancipation, and protecting nature; the two may even reinforce one another. There remain contradictions between liberalism and ecologism as political theories: liberalism is by definition an individualist theory stressing individual rights including property rights, and it embraces moral pluralism, thus by definition rejecting the idea of a unique (ecological) road to salvation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.