politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2022.01.07politscience-336Research ArticleИДЕИ И ПРАКТИКАИнкорпорация курдского меньшинства в иракское государство и имперское институциональное наследиеIncorporation of the Kurdish minority into the Iraqi state and the Ottoman institutional legacyСафинаА. Р.SafinaA. R.

Сафина Айсылу Рустемовна, аспирант кафедры сравнительной политологии

Москва

Moscow

safina.aysylu.95@gmail.comМосковский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД РоссииРоссияMoscow State Institute of International Relations (University), MFA RussiaRussian Federation20221105202301Политическое развитие на постимперских пространствах177190Copyright © Сафина А.Р., 20232023Сафина А.Р.Safina A.R.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/336

Статья посвящена проблеме влияния имперского институционального наследия на инкорпорацию этноконфессиональных меньшинств в национальное государство. В качестве релевантного кейса для анализа выбран Иракский Курдистан. Проверяется гипотеза о том, что в постосманских обществах преобладающее влияние на политический процесс оказывают неформальные правила и практики, которые в случае совместимости их целей с новыми формальными институтами могут способствовать образованию устойчивой политико-институциональной структуры. В этом контексте проводится анализ курдских политических практик под имперским управлением, выявляются особенности инкорпорирования курдского сегмента в государство Ирак, проводится оценка результативности консоциативных механизмов, введенных в политическую систему страны в период демократизации после международного вмешательства в 2003 г. Применение таких методологических подходов, как неоинституционализм и исторический институционализм, позволяет определить институциональную специфику курдской проблемы в Ираке и оценить эффективность курдской автономии. Делается вывод, что исторические неформальные институты курдского сообщества сохранили свою функциональность и преимущественно замещают формальные. В этих условиях иракская система распределения власти между этноконфессиональными сегментами и неформальных договоренностей между элитами оценивается как оптимальное решение, снижающее транзакционные издержки во взаимодействиях центра и периферии. 

The article focuses on the impact of the Ottoman institutional legacy on ethno-confessional minorities incorporation into the post-imperial national states. Iraqi Kurdistan was selected as a relevant case for analysis. The tested hypothesis is that informal rules and practices exercise a significant influence on the political process in post-imperial societies, which, in case of compatibility of goals between informal and new formal institutions, can contribute positively to the formation of a stable structure of government. In this context, the author analyzes the interaction between the Kurdish communities and the centre in the Ottoman period, identifies the specificities of the Kurdish segment incorporation into the newly formed state of Iraq, and weighs the performance of consociational mechanisms established in Iraq’s political system after Saddam Hussein’s ouster. The application of such methodological approaches as neo- institutionalism and historical institutionalism makes it possible to define the institutional parameters of the Kurdish minority incorporation into Iraq and, through this lens, to assess the political performance in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. It is stated that the historical informal institutions of the Kurdish community remain functional and substitutive for the formal ones. At this point, the consociational pattern is assessed as the only possible solution that reduces transaction costs in the centre-periphery interaction.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.