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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-359</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАКУРСЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТРИ ПУТИ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ: ГОЛОСА, ДОЛЖНОСТИ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ КУРС ПРИ СМЕНЕ ПАРТИЙ В ПОЛЬШЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Three roads to institutionalisation: Vote-, officeand policy-seeking explanations of party switching in Poland</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макменамин</surname><given-names>Иан</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mcmenamin</surname><given-names>Iain</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">iain.mcmenamin@dcu.ie</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвиазда</surname><given-names>Анна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gwiazda</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">anna.gwiazda@kcl.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Дублина (Ирландия)<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Лондонский королевский колледж (Великобритания)<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Посткоммунистические трансформации: Политические институты и процессы</issue-title><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макменамин И., Гвиазда А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макменамин И., Гвиазда А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mcmenamin I., Gwiazda A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/359">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/359</self-uri><abstract><p>Партийная институционализация является центральной проблемой в политической науке. В литературе наблюдается тенденция понимать ее как признак, в результате чего возникают сложности при попытке объяснить вариации. В этой статье предлагается новый подход, базирующийся на взаимодействии между парламентской партией и ее депутатами, провал которого можно наблюдать при смене партии депутатом (partyswitching). Три пути к институционализации определяются через мотивации депутатов: стремление получить голоса, должности или преследование определенного политического курса. У Польши есть огромный опыт перехода депутатов из одной партии в другую наряду со значительной вариацией в мотивах депутатов. Анализ выживаемости и переходов в четырех польских парламентах свидетельствует, что институционализация польских партий идет по пути поиска поддержки избирателей. В статье предлагается тестируемая гипотеза: парламентская партия способна к выживанию до тех пор, пока ее поддержка превышает 40% от ее результата на прошлых выборах.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>партийная политика</kwd><kwd>институционализация</kwd><kwd>законодательное собрание</kwd><kwd>Польша</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>party politics</kwd><kwd>institutionalisation</kwd><kwd>legislatures</kwd><kwd>Poland</kwd><kwd>democracy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartolini S., Mair P. Identity competition and electoral availability: The stabilizationof European electorates 1885-1985. - Colchester: European consortium for political research, 2007. - 327 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartolini S., Mair P. 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