<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-415</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАКУРСЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТЕОРИЯ КОРРУПЦИОННЫХ РЫНКОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theory of corruption markets</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasileva</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Познавательные возможности политической науки</issue-title><fpage>232</fpage><lpage>252</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильева В.В., Воробьев А.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева В.В., Воробьев А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasileva V.M., Vorobyev A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/415">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/415</self-uri><abstract><p>На основании анализа методологии и направлений изучения коррупции в реферируемых публикациях (1900-2015) авторы выделяют основные недостатки существующей теоретической базы, в частности «упущенный фактор» предыдущих исследований, которым является коррупционный рынок. В статье представлены методологические основания новой теории среднего уровня в исследованиях коррупции - теории коррупционных рынков, позволяющей объяснить разные результаты применения одинаковых антикоррупционных мер.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Authors reveal main theoretical disadvantages of the field of corruption studies, including «the missing factor» of corruption studies - corruption market. This paper provides methodology for the new middle-ranged theory of corruption markets that explains different results of the same anticorruption reforms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коррупция</kwd><kwd>рынки</kwd><kwd>институты</kwd><kwd>регулирование</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>спрос</kwd><kwd>предложение</kwd><kwd>corruption</kwd><kwd>market</kwd><kwd>institution</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>state</kwd><kwd>demand</kwd><kwd>supply</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева В., Воробьев А. Коррупционные рынки // Полиc: Политические исследования. - М., 2015. - № 1. - [В печати].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Васильева В., Воробьев А. Коррупционные рынки // Полиc: Политические исследования. - М., 2015. - № 1. - [В печати].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев А. «Захват государства»: качество институтов и режимные деформации (Поиск подхода и операционализация) // Общественные науки и современность. - М., 2014. - № 5. - C. 76-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Воробьев А. «Захват государства»: качество институтов и режимные деформации (Поиск подхода и операционализация) // Общественные науки и современность. - М., 2014. - № 5. - C. 76-87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин М., Сатаров Г. Коррупция в России: классификация и динамика // Вопросы экономики. - М., 2012. - № 10. - C. 4-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин М., Сатаров Г. Коррупция в России: классификация и динамика // Вопросы экономики. - М., 2012. - № 10. - C. 4-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогозин Д. Обзор публикаций о коррупции // Отечественные записки. - М., 2012. - № 12 (47). - С. 24-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рогозин Д. Обзор публикаций о коррупции // Отечественные записки. - М., 2012. - № 12 (47). - С. 24-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J., Thaicharoen Y. Institutional causes, macroeconomic symptoms: Volatility, crises and growth // Journal of monetary economics. - Rochester, NY, 2003. - Vol. 50, N 1. - P. 49-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J., Thaicharoen Y. Institutional causes, macroeconomic symptoms: Volatility, crises and growth // Journal of monetary economics. - Rochester, NY, 2003. - Vol. 50, N 1. - P. 49-123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acemoglu D., Verdier T. Property rights, corruption and the allocation of talent: A general equilibrium approach // Economic journal. - Nashville, TN, 1998. - Vol. 108, N 450. - P. 1381-1403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acemoglu D., Verdier T. Property rights, corruption and the allocation of talent: A general equilibrium approach // Economic journal. - Nashville, TN, 1998. - Vol. 108, N 450. - P. 1381-1403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acemoglu D., Verdier T. The choice between market failures and corruption // American economic review. - Nashville, TN, 2000. - Vol. 90, N 1. - P. 194-211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acemoglu D., Verdier T. The choice between market failures and corruption // American economic review. - Nashville, TN, 2000. - Vol. 90, N 1. - P. 194-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ades A., Tella R. Di. Rents, competition, and corruption // American economic review. - Nashville, TN, 1999. - Vol. 89, N 4. - P. 982-993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ades A., Tella R. Di. Rents, competition, and corruption // American economic review. - Nashville, TN, 1999. - Vol. 89, N 4. - P. 982-993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aidt T.S. Economic analysis of corruption: A survey // Economic journal. - Nashville, TN, 2003. - Vol. 113, N 491. - P. F632-F652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aidt T.S. Economic analysis of corruption: A survey // Economic journal. - Nashville, TN, 2003. - Vol. 113, N 491. - P. F632-F652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alam M.S. Some economic costs of corruption in LDCs // Journal of development studies. - Oxford, 1990. - Vol. 27, N 1. - P. 89-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alam M.S. Some economic costs of corruption in LDCs // Journal of development studies. - Oxford, 1990. - Vol. 27, N 1. - P. 89-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amos F. Ethics and social responsibility in local government // Long range planning. - Amsterdam, 1982. - Vol. 15, N 2. - P. 121-125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amos F. Ethics and social responsibility in local government // Long range planning. - Amsterdam, 1982. - Vol. 15, N 2. - P. 121-125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andvig J., Moene K. How corruption may corrupt // Journal of economic behavior and organization. - Amsterdam, 1990. - Vol. 13, N 1. - P. 63-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andvig J., Moene K. How corruption may corrupt // Journal of economic behavior and organization. - Amsterdam, 1990. - Vol. 13, N 1. - P. 63-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bag P. Controlling Corruption in Hierarchies // Journal of comparative economics. - Amsterdam, 1997. - Vol. 25, N 3. - P. 322-344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bag P. Controlling Corruption in Hierarchies // Journal of comparative economics. - Amsterdam, 1997. - Vol. 25, N 3. - P. 322-344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee A. A theory of misgovernance // Quarterly journal of economics. - Oxford, 1997. - Vol. 112, N 4. - P. 1289-1332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee A. A theory of misgovernance // Quarterly journal of economics. - Oxford, 1997. - Vol. 112, N 4. - P. 1289-1332.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bardhan P. Corruption and development: A review of issues // Journal of economic literature. - Pittsburgh, PA, 1997. - Vol. 35, N 3. - P. 1320-1346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bardhan P. Corruption and development: A review of issues // Journal of economic literature. - Pittsburgh, PA, 1997. - Vol. 35, N 3. - P. 1320-1346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beenstock M. Corruption and development // World development. - Amsterdam, 1979. - Vol. 7, N 1. - P. 15-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beenstock M. Corruption and development // World development. - Amsterdam, 1979. - Vol. 7, N 1. - P. 15-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berkman H. Corporate ethics: Who cares? // Journal of the Academy of marketing science. - Berlin, 1977. - Vol. 5, N 3. - P. 154-167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berkman H. Corporate ethics: Who cares? // Journal of the Academy of marketing science. - Berlin, 1977. - Vol. 5, N 3. - P. 154-167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Black B., Kraakman R., Tarassova A. Russian privatization and corporate governance: What went wrong? // Stanford law review. - Stanford, 2000. - Vol. 52, N 6. - P. 1731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Black B., Kraakman R., Tarassova A. Russian privatization and corporate governance: What went wrong? // Stanford law review. - Stanford, 2000. - Vol. 52, N 6. - P. 1731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bliss C., Tella R. Di. Does competition kill corruption? // Journal of political economy. - Chicago, 1997. - Vol. 105, N 5. - P. 1001-1023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bliss C., Tella R. Di. Does competition kill corruption? // Journal of political economy. - Chicago, 1997. - Vol. 105, N 5. - P. 1001-1023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broadman H., Recanatini F. Seeds of corruption - Do market institutions matter? // MOST. - Berlin, 2001. - Vol. 11, N 4. - P. 359-392.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broadman H., Recanatini F. Seeds of corruption - Do market institutions matter? // MOST. - Berlin, 2001. - Vol. 11, N 4. - P. 359-392.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burn W. Electoral corruption in the nineteenth century // Parliamentary affairs. - Oxford, 1950. - Vol. 4, N 4. - P. 437-442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burn W. Electoral corruption in the nineteenth century // Parliamentary affairs. - Oxford, 1950. - Vol. 4, N 4. - P. 437-442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cadot O. Corruption as a gamble // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 1987. - Vol. 33, N 2. - P. 223-244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cadot O. Corruption as a gamble // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 1987. - Vol. 33, N 2. - P. 223-244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang D., Zastrow C. Police evaluative perceptions of themselves, the general public and selected occupational groups // Journal of criminal justice. - Amsterdam, 1976. - Vol. 4, N 1. - P. 17-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang D., Zastrow C. Police evaluative perceptions of themselves, the general public and selected occupational groups // Journal of criminal justice. - Amsterdam, 1976. - Vol. 4, N 1. - P. 17-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Correa H. A comparative study of bureaucratic corruption in Latin America and the U.S.A. // Socio-economic planning sciences. - Amsterdam, 1985. - Vol. 19, N 1. - P. 63-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Correa H. A comparative study of bureaucratic corruption in Latin America and the U.S.A. // Socio-economic planning sciences. - Amsterdam, 1985. - Vol. 19, N 1. - P. 63-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diamond L. Class formation in the swollen African state. // Journal of modern african studies. - Cambridge, 1987. - Vol. 25, N 4. - P. 567-596.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diamond L. Class formation in the swollen African state. // Journal of modern african studies. - Cambridge, 1987. - Vol. 25, N 4. - P. 567-596.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Djankov S., La Porta R., Lopez-De-Silanes F., Shleifer A. The regulation of entry // Quarterly journal of economics. - Oxford, 2002. - Vol. 117, N 1. - P. 1-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Djankov S., La Porta R., Lopez-De-Silanes F., Shleifer A. The regulation of entry // Quarterly journal of economics. - Oxford, 2002. - Vol. 117, N 1. - P. 1-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eliasberg W. Corruption and bribery // Journal of criminal law criminology and police studies. - Chicago, 1951. - Vol. 42, N 3. - P. 317-331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliasberg W. Corruption and bribery // Journal of criminal law criminology and police studies. - Chicago, 1951. - Vol. 42, N 3. - P. 317-331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman E., Johnson S., Kaufmann D., Zoido P. Dodging the grabbing hand: The determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 76, N 3. - P. 459-493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman E., Johnson S., Kaufmann D., Zoido P. Dodging the grabbing hand: The determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 76, N 3. - P. 459-493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goel R., Nelson M. Corruption and government size: A disaggregated analysis // Public choice. - Berlin, 1998. - Vol. 97, N 1-2. - P. 107-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goel R., Nelson M. Corruption and government size: A disaggregated analysis // Public choice. - Berlin, 1998. - Vol. 97, N 1-2. - P. 107-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golden M., Picci L. Proposal for a new measure of corruption, illustrated with Italian data // Economics and politics. - New York, 2005. - Vol. 17, N 1. - P. 37-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golden M., Picci L. Proposal for a new measure of corruption, illustrated with Italian data // Economics and politics. - New York, 2005. - Vol. 17, N 1. - P. 37-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta S., Mello L. De, Sharan R. Corruption and military spending // European journal of political economy. - Amsterdam, 2001. - Vol. 17, N 4. - P. 749-777.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta S., Mello L. De, Sharan R. Corruption and military spending // European journal of political economy. - Amsterdam, 2001. - Vol. 17, N 4. - P. 749-777.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guriev S. Red tape and corruption // Journal of development economics. - Amsterdam, 2004. - Vol. 73, N 2. - P. 489-504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guriev S. Red tape and corruption // Journal of development economics. - Amsterdam, 2004. - Vol. 73, N 2. - P. 489-504.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gylfason T. Nature, power, and growth // Scottish Journal of Political Economy. - New York, 2001. - Vol. 48, N 5. - P. 558-588.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gylfason T. Nature, power, and growth // Scottish Journal of Political Economy. - New York, 2001. - Vol. 48, N 5. - P. 558-588.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hillman A., Swank O. Why political culture should be in the lexicon of economics // European journal of political economy. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 16, N 1. - P. 1-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hillman A., Swank O. Why political culture should be in the lexicon of economics // European journal of political economy. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 16, N 1. - P. 1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Husted B. Wealth, culture, and corruption // Journal of international business studies. - London, 1999. - Vol. 30, N 2. - P. 339-360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Husted B. Wealth, culture, and corruption // Journal of international business studies. - London, 1999. - Vol. 30, N 2. - P. 339-360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenkins R., Goetz A. Accounts and accountability: Theoretical implications of the right-to-information movement in India // Third world quarterly. - London, 1999. - Vol. 20, N 3. - P. 603-622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins R., Goetz A. Accounts and accountability: Theoretical implications of the right-to-information movement in India // Third world quarterly. - London, 1999. - Vol. 20, N 3. - P. 603-622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolstad I., Wiig A. Is Transparency the key to reducing corruption in resource-rich countries? // World development. - Amsterdam, 2009. - Vol. 37, N 3. - P. 521-532.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolstad I., Wiig A. Is Transparency the key to reducing corruption in resource-rich countries? // World development. - Amsterdam, 2009. - Vol. 37, N 3. - P. 521-532.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kunicová J., Rose-Ackerman S. Electoral rules and constitutional structures as constraints on corruption // British journal of political science. - Cambridge, UK, 2005. - Vol. 35, N 4. - P. 573-606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kunicová J., Rose-Ackerman S. Electoral rules and constitutional structures as constraints on corruption // British journal of political science. - Cambridge, UK, 2005. - Vol. 35, N 4. - P. 573-606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lambsdorff J. Corruption and rent-seeking // Public choice. - Berlin, 2002. - Vol. 113, N 1-2. - P. 97-125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lambsdorff J. Corruption and rent-seeking // Public choice. - Berlin, 2002. - Vol. 113, N 1-2. - P. 97-125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lenhoff A. The constructive trust as a remedy for corruption in public office // Columbia law review. - New York, 1954. - Vol. 54, N 2. - P. 214-217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lenhoff A. The constructive trust as a remedy for corruption in public office // Columbia law review. - New York, 1954. - Vol. 54, N 2. - P. 214-217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lien D.-H. Corruption and allocation efficiency // Journal of development economics. - Amsterdam, 1990. - Vol. 33, N 1. - P. 153-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lien D.-H. Corruption and allocation efficiency // Journal of development economics. - Amsterdam, 1990. - Vol. 33, N 1. - P. 153-164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lui F. A dynamic model of corruption deterrence // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 1986. - Vol. 31, N 2. - P. 215-236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lui F. A dynamic model of corruption deterrence // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 1986. - Vol. 31, N 2. - P. 215-236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macrae J. Underdevelopment and the economics of corruption: A game theory approach // World development. - Amsterdam, 1982. - Vol. 10, N 8. - P. 677-687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macrae J. Underdevelopment and the economics of corruption: A game theory approach // World development. - Amsterdam, 1982. - Vol. 10, N 8. - P. 677-687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauro P. Corruption: causes, consequences, and agenda for further research // Finance and development. - Washington, 1998. - Vol. 35, N 1. - P. 11-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauro P. Corruption: causes, consequences, and agenda for further research // Finance and development. - Washington, 1998. - Vol. 35, N 1. - P. 11-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mckitrick E. The Study of corruption // Political science quarterly. - New York, 1957. - Vol. 72, N 4. - P. 502-514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mckitrick E. The Study of corruption // Political science quarterly. - New York, 1957. - Vol. 72, N 4. - P. 502-514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehmet B. Corruption, supervision, and the structure of hierarchies // Journal of law, economics, and organization. - Oxford, 1996. - Vol. 12, N 2. - P. 277-298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehmet B. Corruption, supervision, and the structure of hierarchies // Journal of law, economics, and organization. - Oxford, 1996. - Vol. 12, N 2. - P. 277-298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Messner E. Reactive entitlement in elective public office: A possible precursor to political corruption // American journal of psychotherapy. - New York, 1981. - Vol. 35, N 3. - P. 426-435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Messner E. Reactive entitlement in elective public office: A possible precursor to political corruption // American journal of psychotherapy. - New York, 1981. - Vol. 35, N 3. - P. 426-435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Misner G. The organization and social setting of police corruption // Police journal. - Thousand Oaks, 1975. - Vol. 48, N 1. - P. 45-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Misner G. The organization and social setting of police corruption // Police journal. - Thousand Oaks, 1975. - Vol. 48, N 1. - P. 45-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myerson R. Effectiveness of electoral systems for reducing government corruption:A game-theoretic analysis // Games and economic behavior. - Amsterdam, 1993. - Vol. 5, N 1. - P. 118-132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myerson R. Effectiveness of electoral systems for reducing government corruption:A game-theoretic analysis // Games and economic behavior. - Amsterdam, 1993. - Vol. 5, N 1. - P. 118-132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nice D. The policy consequences of political corruption // Political behavior. - Berlin, 1986 a. - Vol. 8, N 3. - P. 287-295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nice D. The policy consequences of political corruption // Political behavior. - Berlin, 1986 a. - Vol. 8, N 3. - P. 287-295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nice D. The policy consequences of political corruption // Political Behavior. - Berlin, 1986 b. - Vol. 8, N 3. - P. 287-295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nice D. The policy consequences of political corruption // Political Behavior. - Berlin, 1986 b. - Vol. 8, N 3. - P. 287-295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sardan O. A moral economy of corruption in Africa? // Journal of Modern African Studies. - Cambridge, 1999. - Vol. 37, N 1. - P. 25-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sardan O. A moral economy of corruption in Africa? // Journal of Modern African Studies. - Cambridge, 1999. - Vol. 37, N 1. - P. 25-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orloff A., Skocpol T. Explaining the politics of public social spending // American Sociological Review. - Thousand Oaks, 1984. - Vol. 49, N 6. - P. 726-750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orloff A., Skocpol T. Explaining the politics of public social spending // American Sociological Review. - Thousand Oaks, 1984. - Vol. 49, N 6. - P. 726-750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persson A., Rothstein B., Teorell J. Why anticorruption reforms fail-systemic corruption as a collective action problem // Governance. - Trenton, NJ, 2013. - Vol. 26, N 3. - P. 449-471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persson A., Rothstein B., Teorell J. Why anticorruption reforms fail-systemic corruption as a collective action problem // Governance. - Trenton, NJ, 2013. - Vol. 26, N 3. - P. 449-471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persson T., Tabellini G., Trebbi F. Electoral rules and corruption // Journal of the european economic association. - Trenton, NJ, 2003. - Vol. 1, N 4. - P. 958-989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persson T., Tabellini G., Trebbi F. Electoral rules and corruption // Journal of the european economic association. - Trenton, NJ, 2003. - Vol. 1, N 4. - P. 958-989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pogrebin M., Atkins B. Probable causes for police corruption: Some theories // Journal of criminal justice. - Amsterdam, 1976. - Vol. 4, N 1. - P. 9-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pogrebin M., Atkins B. Probable causes for police corruption: Some theories // Journal of criminal justice. - Amsterdam, 1976. - Vol. 4, N 1. - P. 9-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid J., Kurth M. Public employees in political firms: Part B. Civil service and militancy // Public choice. - Berlin, 1989. - Vol. 60, N 1. - P. 41-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid J., Kurth M. Public employees in political firms: Part B. Civil service and militancy // Public choice. - Berlin, 1989. - Vol. 60, N 1. - P. 41-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose-Ackerman S. Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. - Cambridge, UK: Cambridge univ. press, 1999. - 284 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose-Ackerman S. Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. - Cambridge, UK: Cambridge univ. press, 1999. - 284 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose-Ackerman S. Democracy and «grand» corruption // International social science journal. - Thousand Oaks, CA, 1996. - Vol. 48, N 149. - P. 365-380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose-Ackerman S. Democracy and «grand» corruption // International social science journal. - Thousand Oaks, CA, 1996. - Vol. 48, N 149. - P. 365-380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose-Ackerman S. The economics of corruption // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 1975. - Vol. 4, N 2. - P. 187-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose-Ackerman S. The economics of corruption // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 1975. - Vol. 4, N 2. - P. 187-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose-Ackerman S. Trust, honesty and corruption: Reflection on the state-building process // Archives europeennes de sociologie. - Cambridge, 2001. - Vol. 42, N 3. - P. 526-570.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose-Ackerman S. Trust, honesty and corruption: Reflection on the state-building process // Archives europeennes de sociologie. - Cambridge, 2001. - Vol. 42, N 3. - P. 526-570.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sartori G. Concept misformation in comparative politics // The american political science review. - Cambridge, UK, 1970. - Vol. 64, N 4. - P. 1033-1053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sartori G. Concept misformation in comparative politics // The american political science review. - Cambridge, UK, 1970. - Vol. 64, N 4. - P. 1033-1053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott I. Institutional design and corruption prevention in Hong Kong // Journal of contemporary China. - London, 2013. - Vol. 22, N 79. - P. 77-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott I. Institutional design and corruption prevention in Hong Kong // Journal of contemporary China. - London, 2013. - Vol. 22, N 79. - P. 77-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shleifer A., Vishny R. Corruption // Quarterly journal of economics. - 1993. - P. 599-618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shleifer A., Vishny R. Corruption // Quarterly journal of economics. - 1993. - P. 599-618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strömberg D. Mass media and public policy // European economic review. - Amsterdam, 2001. - Vol. 45, N 4-6. - P. 652-663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strömberg D. Mass media and public policy // European economic review. - Amsterdam, 2001. - Vol. 45, N 4-6. - P. 652-663.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svensson J. Eight questions about corruption // Journal of economic perspectives. - Nashville, TN, 2005. - Vol. 19, N 3. - P. 19-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svensson J. Eight questions about corruption // Journal of economic perspectives. - Nashville, TN, 2005. - Vol. 19, N 3. - P. 19-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svensson J. Foreign aid and rent-seeking // Journal of international economics. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 51, N 2. - P. 437-461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svensson J. Foreign aid and rent-seeking // Journal of international economics. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 51, N 2. - P. 437-461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanzi V. Corruption around the world: Causes, consequences, scope, and cures // IMF staff papers. - Washington, 1998. - Vol. 45, N 4. - P. 559-594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanzi V. Corruption around the world: Causes, consequences, scope, and cures // IMF staff papers. - Washington, 1998. - Vol. 45, N 4. - P. 559-594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treisman D. The causes of corruption: A cross-national study // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 76, N 3. - P. 399-457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treisman D. The causes of corruption: A cross-national study // Journal of public economics. - Amsterdam, 2000. - Vol. 76, N 3. - P. 399-457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treisman D. What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical research? // Annual review of political science. - Palo Alto, CA, 2007. - Vol. 10. - P. 211-244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treisman D. What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical research? // Annual review of political science. - Palo Alto, CA, 2007. - Vol. 10. - P. 211-244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasileva V., Vorobyev A. Corruption Markets: An Analytical Framework For Assessing Anti-Corruption Campaigns // Higher School of Economics Research Paper. WP BRP. - Moscow: 2014. - Vol. 21. - 33 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasileva V., Vorobyev A. Corruption Markets: An Analytical Framework For Assessing Anti-Corruption Campaigns // Higher School of Economics Research Paper. WP BRP. - Moscow: 2014. - Vol. 21. - 33 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wade R. The market for public office: Why the Indian state is not better at development // World Development. - Amsterdam, 1985. - Vol. 13, N 4. - P. 467-497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wade R. The market for public office: Why the Indian state is not better at development // World Development. - Amsterdam, 1985. - Vol. 13, N 4. - P. 467-497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Webb W. Ethical culture and the value-based approach to integrity management: A case study of the department of correctional services // Public administration and development. - Trenton, NJ, 2012. - Vol. 32, N 1. - P. 96-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Webb W. Ethical culture and the value-based approach to integrity management: A case study of the department of correctional services // Public administration and development. - Trenton, NJ, 2012. - Vol. 32, N 1. - P. 96-108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei S.-J. How taxing is corruption on international investors? // Review of economics and statistics. - Michigan, 2000. - Vol. 82, N 1. - P. 1-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei S.-J. How taxing is corruption on international investors? // Review of economics and statistics. - Michigan, 2000. - Vol. 82, N 1. - P. 1-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winston G.C. The appeal of inappropriate technologies: Self-inflicted wages, ethnic pride and corruption // World development. - Amsterdam, 1979. - Vol. 7, N 8-9. - P. 835-845.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winston G.C. The appeal of inappropriate technologies: Self-inflicted wages, ethnic pride and corruption // World development. - Amsterdam, 1979. - Vol. 7, N 8-9. - P. 835-845.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
