<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-463</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТЕКСТ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>История советской национальной политики: Колебания маятника?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>History of the Soviet national policy: Swing of the pendulum</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbak</surname><given-names>Andrey</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ascherbak@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болячевец</surname><given-names>Лилия Станиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolyatchevets</surname><given-names>Liliya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sbolyatchevets@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">platosha95@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИУ ВШЭ - СПб<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Higher School of Economics (Saint-Peterburg)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Политическая организация разделенных обществ</issue-title><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щербак А.Н., Болячевец Л.С., Платонова Е.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербак А.Н., Болячевец Л.С., Платонова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shcherbak A., Bolyatchevets L., Platonova E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/463">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/463</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье поставлена задача рассмотреть советскую национальную политику как целостное явление, которое обладает определенной логикой и содержанием. Выделяя несколько основных периодов национальной политики, авторы используют концепцию «маятника» и показывают наличие мягких и жестких волн. Данный аргумент основан на анализе данных советской официальной статистики по трем основным измерениям: административный статус республики, кадровая политика и культурно-языковая политика. Результаты исследования позволяют проследить взаимосвязь между сменой политических курсов и изменениями фокусов в национальной политике. Исследование проливает свет на причины роста национализма в СССР в 1980-1990-е годы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article aims to examine the Soviet nationalities policy as a complex phenomenon with its definite logic and content. Authors identify several main cycles of national policy and apply the «pendulum» concept to reveal its «hard» and «soft» waves. This argument is tested using the data of the official Soviet statistics in three dimensions: republic’s administrative status, cadre policy and cultural-linguistic policy. The findings reveal the interrelation between the change of the policy direction and the shift in the focus of the nationalities policy. The study contributes to better understanding of the reasons of political mobilization along ethnic lines in the USSR in the 1980-1990 s.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>национальная политика</kwd><kwd>межнациональные отношения</kwd><kwd>национализм</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>Soviet national policy</kwd><kwd>interethnic relations</kwd><kwd>nationalism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алпатов В.М. 150 языков и политика, 1917-2000: Социолингвистические проблемы СССР и постсоветского пространства. - М.: КРАФТ, 2000. - 224 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алпатов В.М. 150 языков и политика, 1917-2000: Социолингвистические проблемы СССР и постсоветского пространства. - М.: КРАФТ, 2000. - 224 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андерсон Б. Воображаемые сообщества. Размышления об истоках и распространении национализма. - М.: Канон-пресс-Ц, 2001. - 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Андерсон Б. Воображаемые сообщества. Размышления об истоках и распространении национализма. - М.: Канон-пресс-Ц, 2001. - 288 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геллнер Э. Нации и национализм. - М.: Прогресс, 1991. - 126 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Геллнер Э. Нации и национализм. - М.: Прогресс, 1991. - 126 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дерлугьян Г.М. Адепт Бурдье на Кавказе. Эскизы к биографии в миросистемной перспективе. - М.: ИД «Территория будущего», 2010. - 560 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дерлугьян Г.М. Адепт Бурдье на Кавказе. Эскизы к биографии в миросистемной перспективе. - М.: ИД «Территория будущего», 2010. - 560 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баберовски Й. Сталинизм и нация: Советский Союз как многонациональное государство, 1917-1953 // Ab Imperio. - Казань, 2006. - № 1. - С. 177-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Баберовски Й. Сталинизм и нация: Советский Союз как многонациональное государство, 1917-1953 // Ab Imperio. - Казань, 2006. - № 1. - С. 177-196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бонд П. Украинец или 14 февраля 2008 года исполняется 100 лет со дня рождения Петра Шелеста, 1908-1996 гг., первый секретарь ЦК КПУ (1963-1972 гг.) // Общественно-политический еженедельник «Вечерний Луганск». - Луганск, 2008. - 5 марта. - Режим доступа: http://nl.irtafax.com.ua/2008-03-05-41.html (Дата обращения: 13.10.2015.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бонд П. Украинец или 14 февраля 2008 года исполняется 100 лет со дня рождения Петра Шелеста, 1908-1996 гг., первый секретарь ЦК КПУ (1963-1972 гг.) // Общественно-политический еженедельник «Вечерний Луганск». - Луганск, 2008. - 5 марта. - Режим доступа: http://nl.irtafax.com.ua/2008-03-05-41.html (Дата обращения: 13.10.2015.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гельман В. От «бесформенного плюрализма» - к «доминирующей власти»? Трансформация российской партийной системы // Общественные науки и современность. - М., 2006. - № 1. - С. 46-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гельман В. От «бесформенного плюрализма» - к «доминирующей власти»? Трансформация российской партийной системы // Общественные науки и современность. - М., 2006. - № 1. - С. 46-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Народное хозяйство СССР в 1985 году: Статистический ежегодник / ЦСУ СССР. - М.: Финансы и статистика, 1986. - 655 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Народное хозяйство СССР в 1985 году: Статистический ежегодник / ЦСУ СССР. - М.: Финансы и статистика, 1986. - 655 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Народное хозяйство РСФСР за 70 лет: Статистический ежегодник / Госкомстат РСФСР. - М.: Финансы и статистика, 1986. - 471 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Народное хозяйство РСФСР за 70 лет: Статистический ежегодник / Госкомстат РСФСР. - М.: Финансы и статистика, 1986. - 471 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson B., Silver B. Equality, efficiency, and politics in Soviet bilingual education policy, 1934-1980 // American political science review. - Cambridge, 1984. - Vol. 78, N 4. - P. 1019-1039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson B., Silver B. Equality, efficiency, and politics in Soviet bilingual education policy, 1934-1980 // American political science review. - Cambridge, 1984. - Vol. 78, N 4. - P. 1019-1039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandenberger D. Proletarian internationalism, Soviet patriotism, and the rise of Russocentric etatism during the Stalinist 1930s // Left history. - N.Y., 2000. - Vol. 6, N 2. - P. 80-100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandenberger D. Proletarian internationalism, Soviet patriotism, and the rise of Russocentric etatism during the Stalinist 1930s // Left history. - N.Y., 2000. - Vol. 6, N 2. - P. 80-100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunce V. The political economy of the Brezhnev era: The rise and fall of corporatism // British journal of political science. - N.Y., 1983. - Vol. 13, N 2. - P. 129-158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunce V. The political economy of the Brezhnev era: The rise and fall of corporatism // British journal of political science. - N.Y., 1983. - Vol. 13, N 2. - P. 129-158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorenburg D. Nationalism for masses: Popular support for nationalism in Russia’s ethnic republics // Europe-Asia studies. - Glasgow, 2001. - Vol. 53, N 1. - P. 73-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorenburg D. Nationalism for masses: Popular support for nationalism in Russia’s ethnic republics // Europe-Asia studies. - Glasgow, 2001. - Vol. 53, N 1. - P. 73-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorenburg D. Minority ethnic mobilization in the Russian Federation. - N.Y.: Cambridge univ. press, 2003. - 287 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorenburg D. Minority ethnic mobilization in the Russian Federation. - N.Y.: Cambridge univ. press, 2003. - 287 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grybkauskas S. Imperializing the Soviet federation?: The institution of the second secretary in the Soviet Republics // Ab Imperio. - Kazan, 2014. - Vol. 3. - P. 267-292.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grybkauskas S. Imperializing the Soviet federation?: The institution of the second secretary in the Soviet Republics // Ab Imperio. - Kazan, 2014. - Vol. 3. - P. 267-292.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guiliano E. Constructing grievances. Ethnic nationalism in Russia’s republics. - L.: Cornell univ. press, 2011. - 248 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guiliano E. Constructing grievances. Ethnic nationalism in Russia’s republics. - L.: Cornell univ. press, 2011. - 248 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hroch M. Social preconditions of national revival in Europe: A comparative analysis of the social composition of patriotic groups among the smaller European nations. - N.Y.: Columbia univ. press, 2000. - 220 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hroch M. Social preconditions of national revival in Europe: A comparative analysis of the social composition of patriotic groups among the smaller European nations. - N.Y.: Columbia univ. press, 2000. - 220 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapidus G. Ethnonationalism and political stability: The Soviet case // World politics. - Baltimore, MD, 1984. - Vol. 36, N 4. - P. 555-580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapidus G. Ethnonationalism and political stability: The Soviet case // World politics. - Baltimore, MD, 1984. - Vol. 36, N 4. - P. 555-580.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin T. The affirmative action empire: Nations and nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939. - N.Y.: Cornell univ. press, 2001. - 496 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin T. The affirmative action empire: Nations and nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939. - N.Y.: Cornell univ. press, 2001. - 496 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller J. Cadres policy in nationalities areas. Recruitment of CPSU First and Second secretaries in non-Russian republics of the USSR // Soviet studies. - Oxford, 1977. - Vol. 29, N 1. - P. 3-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller J. Cadres policy in nationalities areas. Recruitment of CPSU First and Second secretaries in non-Russian republics of the USSR // Soviet studies. - Oxford, 1977. - Vol. 29, N 1. - P. 3-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silver B. The status of national minority languages in Soviet education: An assessment of recent changes // Soviet studies. - Oxford, 1974. - Vol. 26, N 1. - P. 28-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silver B. The status of national minority languages in Soviet education: An assessment of recent changes // Soviet studies. - Oxford, 1974. - Vol. 26, N 1. - P. 28-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silver B. Social mobilization and the russification of Soviet nationalities // The American political science review. - N.Y., 1974. - Vol. 68, N 1. - P. 45-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silver B. Social mobilization and the russification of Soviet nationalities // The American political science review. - N.Y., 1974. - Vol. 68, N 1. - P. 45-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solchanyk R. Russian language and Soviet politics // Soviet studies. - Oxford, 1982. - Vol. 34, N 1. - P. 23-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solchanyk R. Russian language and Soviet politics // Soviet studies. - Oxford, 1982. - Vol. 34, N 1. - P. 23-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shcherbak A. Nationalism in the USSR: A historical and comparative perspective // Nationalities papers: The journal of nationalism and ethnicity. - Carleston, Ill., 2015. - Vol. 43, N 6. - P. 866-885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbak A. Nationalism in the USSR: A historical and comparative perspective // Nationalities papers: The journal of nationalism and ethnicity. - Carleston, Ill., 2015. - Vol. 43, N 6. - P. 866-885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
