politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2019.03.02politscience-707Research ArticleСОСТОЯНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫПереосмысление четырех измерений власти: доминирование и расширение возможностейRethinking the four dimensions of power: Domination and EmpowermentХаугаардМаркHaugaardM. .Mark.Haugaard@NUIGalway.ieНациональный университет ИрландииРоссияNational University of IrelandRussian Federation20191205202303Власть, мощь и влияние государств в мировой политике3062Copyright © Хаугаард М..., 20232023Хаугаард М.Haugaard M...This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/707

. В литературе о проблематике власти сложилось два главных и принципиально противоположных подхода: для первого «власть» - это доминирование, и потому она является «властью над», во втором подходе власть - это расширение возможностей, что терминологически обозначается как «власть для». До текущего момента представление о «четырех измерениях» власти (Лукс и Фуко) относилось к пониманию власти как доминирования. Данная статья полемизирует с данной трактовкой: утверждается, что каждое из измерений власти способно породить нормативно-желательные формы власти (власть как форму эмансипации). Ключевую роль играет процесс структурирования «власти над», обладающий потенциалом для создания взаимоотношения позитивной, а не нулевой суммы. Фактически нормативно-желательная власть и власть как доминирование устанавливаются одними и теми же эмпирическими процессами, и доминирование таким образом «паразитирует» над властью-эмпансипацией.

In the literature, there have been two essentially contrasting views of power: one of power as domination , largely characterized as power over , and the other of power as empowerment , frequently theorized as power to . To date, the four (Lukes and Foucault) dimensions of power have been considered forms of domination. In this article it is argued that the processes of four-dimensional power also constitute the process of normatively desirable power, as emancipation. Key is the realization that structured power over has the potential to be positive-sum, rather than zero-sum; furthermore, that the exclusions of two-dimensional power also constitute the conditions of possibility for justice. The fact that normatively desirable power and domination are constituted through the same processes is not chance: the effectiveness of power as domination is parasitic upon power as emancipation.

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