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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2022.02.03</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-746</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕИ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стрессоустойчиовсть и политическое развитие Европы в период кризиса: случай Венгрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Resilience and political development of Europe during the crisis: evidence from Hungary</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миклоши</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miklossy</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миклоши Каталин, Александровский институт</p><p>Хельсинки</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Helsinki</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katalin.miklossy@helsinki.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Хельсинки</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Aleksanteri Institute, University of Helsinki</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Политика в трудные времена: вызовы и ответы</issue-title><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миклоши К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миклоши К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Miklossy K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/746">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/746</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются стратегии политических элит ряда стран Восточной Европы, которые позволили им в период кризиса пандемии не только сохранить власть, но и расширить применение авторитарных практик посредством ослабления внешнеполитического давления со стороны Брюсселя. Используя кейс Венгрии как основу для эмпирического анализа, автор показывает, как кризис расширил возможности для властвующих элит укрепить свое господство. Ограничительные меры, введенные западными странами в борьбе с пандемией, венгерские власти использовали как оправдание для очередной попытки снизить политическую конкуренцию и ограничить гражданские свободы. Однако главным итогом политического развития в период кризиса пандемии в Венгрии можно назвать не столько явный подрыв демократии и верховенства права, сколько очередной раунд национализации ряда экономических предприятий, попавших под контроль властвующих элит. Это укрепило экономический фундамент автократии в современной Венгрии и сделало режим более автономным по отношению к давлению ЕС. Автор утверждает, что автократизация Венгрии в условиях пандемии основывается на успешном применении элитами стратегии маневрирования. Выбор в пользу применения этой стратегии, в свою очередь, обусловлен историческим наследием. Венгрия впервые применила стратегию маневрирования в период коммунистического правления для отражения давления со стороны Москвы. Два важнейших фактора - темпоральность и пространственность - являются ключевыми для понимания причин стабильности текущего политического режима в Венгрии. Фактор темпоральности проявляется в том, что венгерская элита на современном этапе реанимирует арсенал стратегий, уже показавших свою эффективность в советский период. Фактор пространственности обеспечивает обмен идеями между лидерами восточноевропейских стран-членов ЕС. Таким образом, «обучение» и успешное применение стратегий, укрепляющих авторитарные тенденции в современной Венгрии, имеет как историческое (темпоральное), так и пространственное измерения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article reveals the strategies of the political elites in a number of East European countries, which allowed them during the pandemic crisis not only to maintain stability, but also to expand the use of authoritarian practices by easing foreign policy pressure from Brussels. Using the case of Hungary as a basis for empirical analysis, I show how the crisis has increased the opportunity for power elites to consolidate their dominance. The restrictive measures imposed by Western countries were used by the Hungarian authorities as an excuse to carry out another attack against political competition and civil liberties. However, the main outcome of the political development during the pandemic crisis in Hungary was not so much a clearly observed undermining of democracy and the rule of law, as another round of nationalization of a number of economic enterprises that fell under the control of the ruling elites. This strengthened the economic foundation of autocracy in contemporary Hungary, making the regime more autonomous from EU pressure. I argue that the autocratization of Hungary in the context of the pandemic is based on the successful application of the maneuvering strategy by the elites. Their choice, in turn, is shaped by the historical legacy of Hungary, which pioneered this strategy to resist Moscow's pressure during the Communist rule. I show that the two most important factors - temporality and spatiality -are key to the effectiveness of the political survival of the current political regime in Hungary. The first of them provided an arsenal of strategies that were effectively used in the Soviet period and reapplied by the Hungarian elite nowadays. The second factor ensures the exchange of ideas between the leaders of the East European countries - EU member states. Thus, the “learning” and successful application of strategies that reinforce authoritarian tendencies in contemporary Hungary has both historical (temporal) and spatial dimensions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стрессоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>авторитаризм</kwd><kwd>кризис</kwd><kwd>политические стратегии</kwd><kwd>Европа</kwd><kwd>Венгрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>resilience</kwd><kwd>authoritarianism</kwd><kwd>crisis</kwd><kwd>political strategies</kwd><kwd>Europe</kwd><kwd>Hungary</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boese W.A., Edgell A.B, Hellmeier S., Maerz S.F., Lindberg S.I. How democracies prevail: democratic resilience as a two-stage process. Democratization. 2021, Vol. 28, N 5, P. 885-907. 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