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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2022.02.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТЕКСТ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выборы во время чумы: анализ электоральной поддержки правящих партий в период пандемии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Elections in the time of plague: analysis of ruling parties’ electoral support during the pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туровский</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turovsky</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Туровский Ростислав Феликсович, доктор политических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией региональных политических исследований</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rturovsky@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иохим</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iokhim</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иохим Елизавета Андреевна, стажер-исследователь лаборатории региональных политических исследований</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eaiokhim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Политика в трудные времена: вызовы и ответы</issue-title><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Туровский Р.Ф., Иохим Е.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Туровский Р.Ф., Иохим Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Turovsky R.F., Iokhim E.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/748">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/748</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье с помощью метода качественного сравнительного анализа (QCA) проведено исследование результатов 43 избирательных кампаний в различных странах мира, прошедших в условиях пандемии коронавируса в 2020 г. Учитывая практически повсеместное ухудшение социально-экономических показателей, мы ставили целью выявить механизм работы ретроспективного экономического голосования как создающего потенциально критические риски для правящей партии. Учитывая, что в реальности в отношении роста или снижения электоральной поддержки инкумбентов страны поделились примерно пополам, авторы рассмотрели действие факторов, связанных со степенью ухудшения социально-экономической ситуации, ограничительными мерами государства и ходом самой пандемии, приняв во внимание и характеристики политического режима. Были выявлены девять конфигураций, представляющих собой различные сочетания условий. В шести случаях был выявлен рост поддержки инкумбента, а в трех -ее снижение. Исследование показало, что классическое ретроспективное голосование в духе «наказания» инкумбента за спад в экономике чаще проявляется в демократических режимах. Примечательно также, что социально-экономические факторы, обусловленные последствиями пандемии, оказываются в глазах электората более значимыми, чем факторы, прямо связанные с заболеваемостью населения. В частности, невысокий уровень снижения ВВП всегда присутствует в конфигурациях роста поддержки инкумбента, а значительный рост безработицы -во всех конфигурациях снижения его рейтинга. В авторитарных режимах избиратели более склонны поддерживать правящие партии при мягких ограничительных мерах, тогда как в демократиях люди готовы голосовать за инкумбентов в случае жестких, но обязательно в чем-то эффективных ограничений. Характер ограничительных мер почти всегда влияет на выборы, но их эффект зависит от других условий. Учитывая естественные ограничения в виде выборки стран, особенностей применяемого метода и дальнейшего развития пандемии, представляется важным продолжение подобных исследований с целью уточнения выводов и тенденций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article we used the method of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to investigate the results of 43 electoral campaigns in different countries of the World, held in the context of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. As far as socioeconomic indicators worsened almost everywhere, we aimed to identify the mechanism of the retrospective economic voting as creating potentially critical risks for the ruling parties. Since, in practice, countries have roughly halved in terms of the increase or decrease in electoral support for incumbents, the authors examined the effect of factors associated with the degree of deterioration of the socio-economic situation, state restrictive measures and the development of the pandemic itself, also taking into account the features of the political regime. Nine scenarios were identified, representing various combinations of conditions, leading in six cases to an increase in support for the incumbent, and in three cases to its decrease. The study showed that the classic retrospective voting in terms of punishing incumbent for a downturn in the economy is more often manifested in democratic regimes. It is also noteworthy that socio-economic factors, which are the consequences of a pandemic, appear to be more significant to the electorate than factors directly related to the health issues. In particular, a relatively low level of GDP decline is always present in scenarios of support growth for an incumbent, and a significant increase in unemployment is always present in all scenarios of a decrease in its rating. A feature of authoritarian regimes is that voters are more inclined to support the ruling parties with mild restrictive measures, while in democracies people are ready to vote for incumbents even in the case of tough, but in some way effective restrictions. In general, restrictive measures (like their absence) always affect elections, but their effect depends on other conditions. In consideration of the natural limitations in the form of a sample of countries, the peculiarities of the method used and the further development of the pandemic, it seems important to continue such studies in order to clarify the conclusions and perspectives.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>ретроспективное голосование</kwd><kwd>инкумбент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>retrospective voting</kwd><kwd>incumbent</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2022 г.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Achen C.H., Bartels L.M. Blind retrospection electoral responses to drought, flu, and shark attacks. 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