politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2022.02.08politscience-751Research ArticleРАКУРСЫПандемия коронавируса, «децентрализация» и (не)одобрение глав регионов в социальных сетях: что имеет значение?Coronavirus pandemic, “decentralization” and governors’ (dis-) approval on the social media: what matters?КабановЮ. А.KabanovY. A.

Кабанов Юрий Андреевич, старший преподаватель департамента политологии и международных отношений, научный сотрудник Центра сравнительных исследований власти и управления

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ykabanov@hse.ruРомановБ. А.RomanovB. A.

Романов Богдан Александрович, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник

Тарту

Tartu

bogdan.romanov@ut.eeКарягинМ. Е.KaryaginM. E.

Карягин Михаил Евгеньевич, ведущий эксперт

Москва

karyaginm@gmail.comБочаровА. А.BocharovA. A.

Бочаров Александр Александрович, студент ОП «Политология и мировая политика»

Санкт-Петербург

aabocharov_2@edu.hse.ruЖелтоуховаА. В.ZheltoukhovaA. V.

Желтоухова Анна Вячеславна, приглашенныйпреподаватель

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

azheltouhova@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian FederationУниверситет ТартуЭстонияUniversity of TartuEstoniaЦентр политической конъюнктурыРоссияЦентр политической конъюнктурыRussian Federation20221305202302Политика в трудные времена: вызовы и ответы164183Copyright © Кабанов Ю.А., Романов Б.А., Карягин М.Е., Бочаров А.А., Желтоухова А.В., 20232023Кабанов Ю.А., Романов Б.А., Карягин М.Е., Бочаров А.А., Желтоухова А.В.Kabanov Y.A., Romanov B.A., Karyagin M.E., Bocharov A.A., Zheltoukhova A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/751

В апреле 2020 г. федеральные власти РФ передали дополнительные полномочия по введению противоэпидемических мер на региональный уровень. В то время как некоторые эксперты видят в этом шаг на пути к развитию федерализма, большинство исследователей рассматривают его как попытку переложить ответственность за решения и их последствия на глав регионов. Наделение губернаторов дополнительными полномочиями привело к росту внимания к ним в социальных медиа, представляющих определенный срез общественного мнения об их деятельности. В рамках данного исследования предпринимается попытка выяснить, в какой мере децентрализация сказалась на отношении к главам регионов в социальных сетях, было ли это влияние позитивным или негативным, а также в какой мере эффективность регионального управления и активность губернаторов в соцсетях могли его опосредовать. В работе используется регрессионный анализ данных за апрель - ноябрь 2020 г. в 80 регионах. Результаты исследования позволяют сделать предварительный вывод, что одобрение и неодобрение губернаторов действительно зависело от степени принятых ограничений: чем выше строгость законодательства, тем выше доля негативных комментариев и тем ниже - позитивных. Управленческий фактор при этом также имел значение: эффективность политического управления и успешность социальной политики положительно сказывались на имидже глав регионов в указанный период. Напротив, активность губернаторов в социальных сетях свою значимость не подтвердила, что позволяет говорить о пока недостаточном использовании этого ресурса региональными властями. Результаты вносят вклад в изучение последствий пандемии в России, а также в исследование роли государственного управления и Интернета в российской политической динамике.

In April 2020, the federal authorities in Russia decided to transfer additional decision-making powers to the regions, regarding pandemic-related non-pharmaceutical interventions. While some experts view this as a step towards more federalism, most researchers consider it an attempt to shift the responsibility and blame for decisions and their consequences onto the governors. The empowerment of the regions led to increased attention towards their heads on the social media, as a mirror of the public opinion. This study attempts to find out, to what extent the decision to decentralize governance during the pandemic affected the attitude towards the heads of the regions on the social media, whether this influence was positive or negative, and if the effectiveness of governance and the governors' usage of the social media could have mediated this influence. The analysis conducted using the regression analysis on the data obtained for April - November 2020 for 80 regions. The main finding of the paper is that the approval and disapproval of the governors depended on the stringency of adopted federal and regional measures, which reduced the share of positive comments and increased the share of negative once. At the same time, the effectiveness of governance appeared to be a significant factor: both political control and social policy had a significant effect on the image of governors within the period under study. On the contrary, the use of the social media by governors does not seem to be important, which speaks for the insufficient utilization of this instrument by the regional authorities. The study contributes to the analysis of the COVID-19 policies and their consequences, as well as to the research on the role of governance and the Internet in the Russian political dynamics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.