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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2021.04.09</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-800</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАКУРСЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бюрократический патронаж и паттерны административного рекрутирования региональных элит в России: опыт сравнительного сетевого анализа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bureaucratic patronage and patterns of administrative recruitment of regional elites in Russia: a comparative network analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельников Кирилл Вадимович, научный сотрудник</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melnikovrezh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт философии и права УрО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Политические сети</issue-title><fpage>210</fpage><lpage>238</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельников К.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельников К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikov K.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/800">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/800</self-uri><abstract><p>Значимость неформальных институтов и практик в политической и экономической жизни России все больше признается представителями различных областей социальных наук. Как показывают исследования, неформальную деформацию испытывает на себе и государственный аппарат, в том числе процесс рекрутирования на высшие должности в исполнительной власти. При этом патронажные связи не представляют собой единичное отклонение, но носят системный характер. В связи с этим сетевой анализ предоставляет эвристически перспективную возможность рассмотреть патронажные связи как сетевую структуру. Опираясь на существующие подходы к квантификации патронажных связей, автор предлагает собственный подход к изучению патронажных сетей как модели взвешенного графа. Патронажные связи могут существенно отличаться по степени устойчивости, что должно учитываться при анализе патронажных сетей. С этой целью автором предложена идея калькуляции индекса патронажной связи, в основе которого находятся три параметра: количество лет и случаев совместной работы, а также факт повышения одного актора другим. С учетом этого подхода и на основе строгого биографического анализа изучается структура сетей административных элит Челябинской области и Пермского края. При этом говорить об общем паттерне структурирования неформальных сетей не приходится - отличия по степени сплоченности и централизации варьируются от периода к периоду. Сопоставление сетевых позиций и типа занимаемой должности также демонстрирует отсутствие единого паттерна. Конкретные модели, по всей вероятности, связаны с индивидуальными стратегиями лидеров сетей, которые в свою очередь имеют внутренние и внешние ограничительные рамки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The significance of informal practices and institutions in political and economic life in Russia has been largely recognized by a variety of research fields within social sciences. As existing literature shows, informal deformation also affects state bureaucracy including the recruitment process into the highest executive agencies. Patronage ties are more than merely individual deviation. Its systematic nature necessitates considering it as a network structure, which can be done through the theoretical tools provided by Social Network Analysis. Based on existing approaches to the quantification of patronage ties, the author proposes a new perspective, which comprises studying them as a model of a weighted graph. The patronage ties can differ significantly in terms of their stability and power, and researchers might take this diversity into account when analyzing patronage networks. To this end, the author proposes the patronage tie index comprising three parameters, namely the duration of a shared work experience, its frequency, and the fact of promotion. Relying on these assumptions and on the basis of systematic biographical analysis, the author examines the structure of patronage networks within two of Russia's regions, namely Perm Krai and Chelyabinsk Oblast. The analysis shows that it is difficult to discern the general pattern of the structuring of such networks. These are different in terms of degrees of cohesion and centralization. The matching of the network positions with the types of official positions does not reveal the general pattern either. Presumably, the specific models can be explained by the individual strategies available for particular leaders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>патронаж</kwd><kwd>клиентелизм</kwd><kwd>патрон-клиентские отношения</kwd><kwd>неформальные сети</kwd><kwd>неопатримониализм</kwd><kwd>региональные элиты</kwd><kwd>бюрократия</kwd><kwd>административное рекрутирование</kwd><kwd>сетевой анализ</kwd><kwd>неформальные институты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>patronage</kwd><kwd>clientelism</kwd><kwd>patron-client relationships</kwd><kwd>informal net- works</kwd><kwd>neopatrimonialism</kwd><kwd>regional elites</kwd><kwd>bureaucracy</kwd><kwd>administrative recruitment</kwd><kwd>SNA</kwd><kwd>informal institutions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и ЭИСИ в  рамках научного проекта № 20–011–32044.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR according to the research project number 20–011–32044.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baturo A., Elkink J. 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