politscienceПолитическая наукаPolitical science1998-1775ИНИОН РАН10.31249/poln/2021.03.01politscience-806Research ArticleСОСТОЯНИЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫЦифровизация и сетевая эффективность государственной управляемостиDigitalization and network effectiveness of public governabilityСморгуновЛ. В.SmorgunovL. V.

Сморгунов Леонид Владимирович, доктор философских наук, профессор

Санкт-Петербург

Saint Petersburg 

l.smorgunov@spbu.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSaint Petersburg state universityRussian Federation20211805202303Цифровизация политики13–36Copyright © Сморгунов Л.В., 20232023Сморгунов Л.В.Smorgunov L.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/806

Технологические изменения, происходящие под флагом цифровизации, затрагивают не только сферу собственно техники. Цифровизация не является политически нейтральным процессом, простым средством повышения производительности трудовой деятельности. Она оказывает решающее влияние на все сферы жизни современного общества, создавая дополнительные условия их сетевизации. Сетевая архитектура формирующихся отношений включает в себя не только собственно социальных и политических агентов, но и сами технические объекты, которые начинают выполнять функции медиаторов во взаимодействии. Существует пессимистическое и оптимистическое направления оценок происходящих трансформаций и роли в них технического компонента. Некоторые политики и ученые говорят о новом кибернетическом тоталитаризме, другие полагают, что в современных условиях возникают не только вызовы, но и формируются перспективы более содержательного и эффективного развития. В статье акцент сделан на одном важном аспекте темы, связанном с соотношением цифровизации, ее включении в систему публичного управления и возникающих проблем публичной управляемости. Рассматриваются тенденции влияния цифровизации на публичную управляемость, анализируются четыре модели сетевой эффективности управляемости: интерактивная, контингентная, многомерная, социально-техническая. Особое внимание уделяется проблеме сотрудничества между органами управления и гражданами, которые обеспечивают эффективность управляемости на основе сетей совместного управления.

Technological changes taking place under the flag of digitalization affect not only the sphere of technology itself. Digitalization is not a politically neutral process, a simple means of increasing labor productivity. It has a decisive influence on all spheres of life of modern society, creating additional conditions for their networking. The network architecture of emerging relations includes not only social and political agents, but also the technical objects themselves, which begin to perform the functions of mediators in interaction. There is a pessimistic and optimistic direction in assessing the ongoing transformations and the role of the technical component in them. Some politicians and scientists talk about a new cybernetic totalitarianism, while others believe that in modern conditions not only challenges arise, but also prospects for more meaningful and effective development are being formed. The article focuses on one important aspect of the topic related to the relation of digitalization, its inclusion in the public administration system and the emerging problems of public governability. Trends in the impact of digitalization on public governability are considered, four models of network governability efficiency are analyzed: interactive, contingent, multidimensional, socio-technical. Particular attention is paid to the problem of cooperation between government and citizens, which ensure the effectiveness of governance based on co-governance networks.

цифровизациягосударственная управляемостьсетисетевая эффективностьгражданское участиесовместное управлениеdigitalizationpublic governabilitynetworksnetwork efficiencycivic participationjoint governanceReferencesAl-Ani A. Government platform: services, participation and policies. In: Friedrichsen M., Kamalipour Y. (eds). Digital transformation journalism and news media. Cham: Springer, 2017, P. 179-196.Al-Ani A. Government platform: services, participation and policies. In: Friedrichsen M., Kamalipour Y. (eds). Digital transformation journalism and news media. Cham: Springer, 2017, P. 179-196.Antonopulos A. Mastering bitcoin: unlocking digital crypto-currencies. Sebastopol, Ca., 2014, 298 p.Antonopulos A. Mastering bitcoin: unlocking digital crypto-currencies. Sebastopol, Ca., 2014, 298 p.Asgarkhani M. Digital government and its effectiveness in public management reform. Public management review. 2005, Vol. 7, N 3, P. 465-487. DOI: 10.1080/14719030500181227Asgarkhani M. Digital government and its effectiveness in public management reform. Public management review. 2005, Vol. 7, N 3, P. 465-487. DOI: 10.1080/14719030500181227Assange J., Appelbaum J., Muller-Maguhn A., Zimmermann J. Cypherpunks: freedom and the future of the internet. New York, London: OR Books, 2012, 196 p.Assange J., Appelbaum J., Muller-Maguhn A., Zimmermann J. Cypherpunks: freedom and the future of the internet. New York, London: OR Books, 2012, 196 p.Bakir V., Feilzer M., McStay A. Introduction to special theme veillance and transparency: a critical examination of mutual watching in the post-Snowden, big data era. Big data & society. 2017, Vol. 4, N 1. DOI: 10.1177/2053951717698996Bakir V., Feilzer M., McStay A. Introduction to special theme veillance and transparency: a critical examination of mutual watching in the post-Snowden, big data era. Big data & society. 2017, Vol. 4, N 1. DOI: 10.1177/2053951717698996Battilana J., Casciaro T. Change agents, networks, and institutions: a contingency theory of organizational change. The Academy of management journal. 2012, Vol. 55, N 2, P. 381-398. DOI: 10.5465/amj.2009.0891Battilana J., Casciaro T. Change agents, networks, and institutions: a contingency theory of organizational change. The Academy of management journal. 2012, Vol. 55, N 2, P. 381-398. DOI: 10.5465/amj.2009.0891Bavinck M., Chuenpagdee R., Jentoft S., Kooiman J. (eds). Governability of fisheries and aquaculture: theory and applications. Cham: Springer, 2013, 382 p.Bavinck M., Chuenpagdee R., Jentoft S., Kooiman J. (eds). Governability of fisheries and aquaculture: theory and applications. Cham: Springer, 2013, 382 p.Berry D.M. Critical theory and the digital (critical theory and contemporary society). New York: Bloomsbury, 2014, 272 p.Berry D.M. Critical theory and the digital (critical theory and contemporary society). New York: Bloomsbury, 2014, 272 p.Borradori G. Between transparency and surveillance: politics of the secret. Philosophy and social criticism. 2016, Vol. 42, N 4-5, P. 456-464. DOI: 10.1177/0191453715623321Borradori G. Between transparency and surveillance: politics of the secret. Philosophy and social criticism. 2016, Vol. 42, N 4-5, P. 456-464. DOI: 10.1177/0191453715623321Börzel T.A. Organizing Babylon: on the different conceptions of policy networks.Public administration. 1998, Vol. 76, N 2, P. 253-273. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9299.00100Börzel T.A. Organizing Babylon: on the different conceptions of policy networks.Public administration. 1998, Vol. 76, N 2, P. 253-273. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9299.00100Carolan M. ‘Smart' farming techniques as political ontology: acceleration of the neoliberal and not-so-neoliberal worlds. Sociologia ruralis. 2018, Vol. 58, N 4, P. 745-764. DOI: 10.1111/soru.12202Carolan M. ‘Smart' farming techniques as political ontology: acceleration of the neoliberal and not-so-neoliberal worlds. Sociologia ruralis. 2018, Vol. 58, N 4, P. 745-764. DOI: 10.1111/soru.12202Cepiku D., Giordano F., Mastrodascio M., Wang W. What drives network effectiveness? A configurational approach. Public management review. 2020, Vol. 22, P. 1-25. DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2020.1764084Cepiku D., Giordano F., Mastrodascio M., Wang W. What drives network effectiveness? A configurational approach. Public management review. 2020, Vol. 22, P. 1-25. DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2020.1764084Cepiku D. Network performance: towards a dynamic multidimensional model.In: Keast R., Mandell M.P., Agranoff R. (eds). Network theory in the public sector: building new theoretical framework. New York: Routledge, 2014, P. 188-204.Cepiku D. Network performance: towards a dynamic multidimensional model.In: Keast R., Mandell M.P., Agranoff R. (eds). Network theory in the public sector: building new theoretical framework. New York: Routledge, 2014, P. 188-204.Chandler D. Digital governance in the anthropocene: the rise of the correlational machine. In: Chandler D., Fuchs Ch. (eds). Digital objects, digital subjects: interdisciplinary perspectives on capitalism, labour and politics in the age of big data. London: University of Westminster press, 2019, P. 23-42. DOI: 10.25969/mediarep/11926Chandler D. Digital governance in the anthropocene: the rise of the correlational machine. In: Chandler D., Fuchs Ch. (eds). Digital objects, digital subjects: interdisciplinary perspectives on capitalism, labour and politics in the age of big data. London: University of Westminster press, 2019, P. 23-42. DOI: 10.25969/mediarep/11926Chhotray V., Stoker G. Governance theory and practice: a cross-disciplinary approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2010, 296 p.Chhotray V., Stoker G. Governance theory and practice: a cross-disciplinary approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2010, 296 p.Crozier M., Huntington S., Watanuki, J. The crisis of democracy; report on the governability of democracies to the Trilateral Commission. New York: New York university press, 1975, 220 p.Crozier M., Huntington S., Watanuki, J. The crisis of democracy; report on the governability of democracies to the Trilateral Commission. New York: New York university press, 1975, 220 p.Cusumano M. Technology strategy and management: the bitcoin ecosystem. Communication of the ACM. 2014, Vol. 57, N 10, P. 22-24. DOI: 10.1145/2661047Cusumano M. Technology strategy and management: the bitcoin ecosystem. Communication of the ACM. 2014, Vol. 57, N 10, P. 22-24. DOI: 10.1145/2661047Danaher J., Hogan M., Noone Ch. Algorithmic governance: developing a research agenda through the power of collective intelligence. Big data & society. 2017, Vol. 4, N 2. DOI: 10.1177/2053951717726554Danaher J., Hogan M., Noone Ch. Algorithmic governance: developing a research agenda through the power of collective intelligence. Big data & society. 2017, Vol. 4, N 2. DOI: 10.1177/2053951717726554Floridi L. (ed.) The online manifesto: being human in a hyperconnected era. Cham: Springer, 2015, 264 p.Floridi L. (ed.) The online manifesto: being human in a hyperconnected era. Cham: Springer, 2015, 264 p.Fuller S. Post-truth: knowledge as a power game. Moscow: Higher School of Economics, 2021, 368 p. (In Russ.).Fuller S. Post-truth: knowledge as a power game. Moscow: Higher School of Economics, 2021, 368 p. (In Russ.).Gillespie T. The politics of ‘platforms'. New media & society. 2010, Vol. 12, N 3, P: 347-364. DOI: 10.1177/1461444809342738Gillespie T. The politics of ‘platforms'. New media & society. 2010, Vol. 12, N 3, P: 347-364. DOI: 10.1177/1461444809342738Gorwa R. What is platform governance? Information, communication & society. 2019, Vol. 22, N 6. P. 854-871. DOI: 10.1080/1369118x.2019.1573914Gorwa R. What is platform governance? Information, communication & society. 2019, Vol. 22, N 6. P. 854-871. DOI: 10.1080/1369118x.2019.1573914Graddy E.A., Chen B. Influences on the size and scope of networks for social service delivery. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2006, Vol. 16, N 4, P. 533-552. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muj005 EDN: ISSNZRGraddy E.A., Chen B. Influences on the size and scope of networks for social service delivery. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2006, Vol. 16, N 4, P. 533-552. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muj005 EDN: ISSNZRKlijn E.H., Edelenbos J. The influence of democratic legitimacy on governance networks. Administration & society. 2012, Vol. 45, N 6, P. 627-650. DOI: 10.1177/0095399712454113Klijn E.H., Edelenbos J. The influence of democratic legitimacy on governance networks. Administration & society. 2012, Vol. 45, N 6, P. 627-650. DOI: 10.1177/0095399712454113Koliba Ch., Meek J., Zia A. Governance networks in public administration and public policy. Roka Raton, London, New York: CRC Press, 2011, 500 p.Koliba Ch., Meek J., Zia A. Governance networks in public administration and public policy. Roka Raton, London, New York: CRC Press, 2011, 500 p.Kooiman J. Governing as governance. London: Sage, 2003, 262 p. DOI: 10.4135/9781446215012Kooiman J. Governing as governance. London: Sage, 2003, 262 p. DOI: 10.4135/9781446215012Lanier J. You are not a gadget: a manifesto. New York: Alfred Knopf, 2010, 224 p.Lanier J. You are not a gadget: a manifesto. New York: Alfred Knopf, 2010, 224 p.Latour B. Love your monsters. Why we must care for our technologies as we do our children. Breakthrough journal. 2011, Vol. 2, P. 21-28.Latour B. Love your monsters. Why we must care for our technologies as we do our children. Breakthrough journal. 2011, Vol. 2, P. 21-28.Luna-Reyes L.F., Gil-Garcia, J.R. Digital government transformation and internet portals: The co-evolution of technology, organizations, and institutions.G overnment information quarterly. 2014, Vol. 31, N 4, P. 545-555. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2014.08.001Luna-Reyes L.F., Gil-Garcia, J.R. Digital government transformation and internet portals: The co-evolution of technology, organizations, and institutions.G overnment information quarterly. 2014, Vol. 31, N 4, P. 545-555. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2014.08.001Lynn L.E, Robichau R.W. Governance and organizational effectiveness: towards the theory of government performance. Journal of public policy. 2013, Vol. 33, N 2, P. 201-228. DOI: 10.1017/s0143814x13000056Lynn L.E, Robichau R.W. Governance and organizational effectiveness: towards the theory of government performance. Journal of public policy. 2013, Vol. 33, N 2, P. 201-228. DOI: 10.1017/s0143814x13000056Margetts H., Dunleavy P. The second wave of digital-era governance: a quasi-paradigm for government on the web. Philosophical transactions of the royal society A: mathematical, physical and engineering sciences. 2013, Vol. 371, N 1987, P. 1-17. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0382Margetts H., Dunleavy P. The second wave of digital-era governance: a quasi-paradigm for government on the web. Philosophical transactions of the royal society A: mathematical, physical and engineering sciences. 2013, Vol. 371, N 1987, P. 1-17. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0382Meier K.J., O'Toole L.J. Jr. Managerial strategies and behavior in networks: a model with evidence from U.S. public education. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2001, Vol. 11, N 3, P. 271-294. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003503 EDN: GXXPQVMeier K.J., O'Toole L.J. Jr. Managerial strategies and behavior in networks: a model with evidence from U.S. public education. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2001, Vol. 11, N 3, P. 271-294. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003503 EDN: GXXPQVO'Reilly T. Government as a platform. Innovations: technology, governance, globalization. 2011, Vol. 6, N 1, P. 13-40. DOI: 10.1162/inov_a_00056O'Reilly T. Government as a platform. Innovations: technology, governance, globalization. 2011, Vol. 6, N 1, P. 13-40. DOI: 10.1162/inov_a_00056Osborne D., Gaebler T. Reinventing government. New York: Penguin press, 1992, 405 p.Osborne D., Gaebler T. Reinventing government. New York: Penguin press, 1992, 405 p.Peters G.B., Pierre J. Governance without government: rethinking public administration. Journal of public administration, research and theory. 1998, Vol. 8, N 2, P. 227-243. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024379 EDN: GXYGZZPeters G.B., Pierre J. Governance without government: rethinking public administration. Journal of public administration, research and theory. 1998, Vol. 8, N 2, P. 227-243. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024379 EDN: GXYGZZProvan K.G., Milward H.B. A preliminary theory of interorganizational network effectiveness: a comparative study of four community mental health systems. Administrative science quarterly. 1995, Vol. 40, N 1, P. 1-33. DOI: 10.2307/2393698 EDN: BXKHIZProvan K.G., Milward H.B. A preliminary theory of interorganizational network effectiveness: a comparative study of four community mental health systems. Administrative science quarterly. 1995, Vol. 40, N 1, P. 1-33. DOI: 10.2307/2393698 EDN: BXKHIZProvan K., Kenis P. Modes of network governance: structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2007, Vol. 18, N 4, P. 229-252. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mum015 EDN: ISSLUTProvan K., Kenis P. Modes of network governance: structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2007, Vol. 18, N 4, P. 229-252. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mum015 EDN: ISSLUTKattel R., Lember V., Tõnurist P. Collaborative innovation and human-machine networks. Public management review. 2020, Vol. 22, N 11, P. 1652-1673. DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2019.1645873Kattel R., Lember V., Tõnurist P. Collaborative innovation and human-machine networks. Public management review. 2020, Vol. 22, N 11, P. 1652-1673. DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2019.1645873Latour B. Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-network-theory. Moscow: Higher School of Economics, 2020, 384 p. (In Russ.).Latour B. Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-network-theory. Moscow: Higher School of Economics, 2020, 384 p. (In Russ.).Parés M., Bonet-Martí J., Martí-Costa M. Does Participation Really Matter in Urban Regeneration Policies? Exploring Governance Networks in Catalonia (Spain). Urban affairs review. 2012, Vol. 48, N 2, P. 238-271. DOI: 10.1177/1078087411423352Parés M., Bonet-Martí J., Martí-Costa M. Does Participation Really Matter in Urban Regeneration Policies? Exploring Governance Networks in Catalonia (Spain). Urban affairs review. 2012, Vol. 48, N 2, P. 238-271. DOI: 10.1177/1078087411423352Rhodes R.A.W. The new governance: governing without government. Political studies. 1996, Vol. 44, N 4, P. 652-667. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb01747.xRhodes R.A.W. The new governance: governing without government. Political studies. 1996, Vol. 44, N 4, P. 652-667. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb01747.xRosenau J., Czempel, E.-O. (eds). Governance without government: order and change in world politics. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 1992, 311 p.Rosenau J., Czempel, E.-O. (eds). Governance without government: order and change in world politics. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 1992, 311 p.Salin P. Hierarchy of equals. How to overcome the crisis in the system of international relations. Russia in global affairs. 2017, N 5, P. 129-140. (In Russ.).Salin P. Hierarchy of equals. How to overcome the crisis in the system of international relations. Russia in global affairs. 2017, N 5, P. 129-140. (In Russ.).Schwab K. The fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum, 2016, 198 p.Schwab K. The fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum, 2016, 198 p.Scott B., Loonam J., Kumar V. Exploring the rise of blockchain technology: towards distributed collaborative organizations. Strategic change. 2017, Vol. 26, N 5, P. 423-428. DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2142Scott B., Loonam J., Kumar V. Exploring the rise of blockchain technology: towards distributed collaborative organizations. Strategic change. 2017, Vol. 26, N 5, P. 423-428. DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2142Shermin V. Disrupting governance with blockchains and smart contracts. Strategic change. 2017, Vol. 26, N 5, P. 499-509. DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2150Shermin V. Disrupting governance with blockchains and smart contracts. Strategic change. 2017, Vol. 26, N 5, P. 499-509. DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2150Sherstobitov А.S., Kusik О.А. Cryptocurrencies as the challenge to governability: public policy of the modern states in different networked and political administrative contexts. Social and humanitarian knowledge. 2018, Vol. 4, N 2 (14), P. 88-99.Sherstobitov А.S., Kusik О.А. Cryptocurrencies as the challenge to governability: public policy of the modern states in different networked and political administrative contexts. Social and humanitarian knowledge. 2018, Vol. 4, N 2 (14), P. 88-99.Smorgunov L.V. In search of governability: concepts and transformation of public administration in the 21 st century. Saint Petersburg: St. Petersburg University, 2012, 362 p. (In Russ.).Smorgunov L.V. In search of governability: concepts and transformation of public administration in the 21 st century. Saint Petersburg: St. Petersburg University, 2012, 362 p. (In Russ.).Smorgunov L.V. Knowledge and public administration: from ordered rule to judgment. Political science (RU). 2016, N 2, P. 181-197. (In Russ.). EDN: WCJRJFSmorgunov L.V. Knowledge and public administration: from ordered rule to judgment. Political science (RU). 2016, N 2, P. 181-197. (In Russ.). EDN: WCJRJFSmorgunov L.V. Blockchain as institution of procedural justice. Polis. Political studies. 2018, N 5, P. 88-99. 10.17976/jpps/2018.05.08 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2018.05.08(InRuss.) EDN: YAEHZBSmorgunov L.V. Blockchain as institution of procedural justice. Polis. Political studies. 2018, N 5, P. 88-99. 10.17976/jpps/2018.05.08 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2018.05.08(InRuss.) EDN: YAEHZBSoloviev A.I. Administrative and network barriers to digitalization of public administration. In: Towards a "digital society": expert estimates and forecasts. Moscow: Nauka, 2019, P. 34-42. (In Russ.).Soloviev A.I. Administrative and network barriers to digitalization of public administration. In: Towards a "digital society": expert estimates and forecasts. Moscow: Nauka, 2019, P. 34-42. (In Russ.).Stivers C. The ontology of public space: grounding governance in social reality. American behavioral scientist. 2009, Vol. 52, N 7, P. 1095-1108. DOI: 10.1177/0002764208327677Stivers C. The ontology of public space: grounding governance in social reality. American behavioral scientist. 2009, Vol. 52, N 7, P. 1095-1108. DOI: 10.1177/0002764208327677Swan M. BlockchaIn: blueprint for a new economy. Sebastopol, Ca.: O'Reilly Media, 2015, 152 p.Swan M. BlockchaIn: blueprint for a new economy. Sebastopol, Ca.: O'Reilly Media, 2015, 152 p.Swanson D., Bizikova L. Thrift Ch., Roy D. Governabilities: the nexus of sustainability, accountability and adaptability essential tools for successful governance in the 21 st century. Manitoba: IIPG, 2014, 36 p.Swanson D., Bizikova L. Thrift Ch., Roy D. Governabilities: the nexus of sustainability, accountability and adaptability essential tools for successful governance in the 21 st century. Manitoba: IIPG, 2014, 36 p.van Bueren E.M., Klijn E.H., Koppenjan J.F. Dealing with wicked problems in networks: analysing an environmental debate from a network perspective. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2003, Vol. 13, P. 193-212. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mug017 EDN: GMPMYZvan Bueren E.M., Klijn E.H., Koppenjan J.F. Dealing with wicked problems in networks: analysing an environmental debate from a network perspective. Journal of public administration research and theory. 2003, Vol. 13, P. 193-212. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mug017 EDN: GMPMYZvan Dijk J., Ziegler M., Nooijer de L., Reichart G.-J., Xuan Ch., Ducassou E., Bernasconi S., Lourens L. A saltier glacial Mediterranean outflow. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. 2018, Vol. 33, N 2, P. 179-197. DOI: 10.1002/2017PA003228van Dijk J., Ziegler M., Nooijer de L., Reichart G.-J., Xuan Ch., Ducassou E., Bernasconi S., Lourens L. A saltier glacial Mediterranean outflow. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. 2018, Vol. 33, N 2, P. 179-197. DOI: 10.1002/2017PA003228van Kersbergen K., van Waarden F. 'Governance' as a bridge between disciplines: accountability and accountability legitimacy. European journal of political research. 2004, Vol. 43, N 2, P. 143-171. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00149.x EDN: FMATBFvan Kersbergen K., van Waarden F. 'Governance' as a bridge between disciplines: accountability and accountability legitimacy. European journal of political research. 2004, Vol. 43, N 2, P. 143-171. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00149.x EDN: FMATBFVerweij S., Klijn, E., Edelenbos J., van Buuren A. What makes governance networks work? A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 14 Dutch spatial planning projects. Public administration. 2013, Vol. 91, N 4, P. 1035-1055. DOI: 10.1111/padm.12007Verweij S., Klijn, E., Edelenbos J., van Buuren A. What makes governance networks work? A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 14 Dutch spatial planning projects. Public administration. 2013, Vol. 91, N 4, P. 1035-1055. DOI: 10.1111/padm.12007Vigoda-Gadot E. Building strong nations: improving governability and public management. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2009, 258 p.Vigoda-Gadot E. Building strong nations: improving governability and public management. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2009, 258 p.Yang A., Saffer A.J. Standing out in a networked communication context: toward a network contingency model of public attention. New media & society. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1461444820939445Yang A., Saffer A.J. Standing out in a networked communication context: toward a network contingency model of public attention. New media & society. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1461444820939445Zwitter A., Hazenberg J. Decentralized network governance: blockchain technology and the future of regulation. Hypothesis and theory. 2020, Vol. 3, Article 12. DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2020.00012Zwitter A., Hazenberg J. Decentralized network governance: blockchain technology and the future of regulation. Hypothesis and theory. 2020, Vol. 3, Article 12. DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2020.00012Латур Б. Пересборка социального: введение в акторно-сетевую теорию. М.:Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2020. 2-е изд. 384 с.Латур Б. Пересборка социального: введение в акторно-сетевую теорию. М.:Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2020. 2-е изд. 384 с.Сморгунов Л.В. В поисках управляемости: концепции и трансформации государственного управления в XXI веке. СПб.: Изд. Санкт-Петербургского университета, 2012. 362 с. EDN: VDPEMTСморгунов Л.В. В поисках управляемости: концепции и трансформации государственного управления в XXI веке. СПб.: Изд. Санкт-Петербургского университета, 2012. 362 с. EDN: VDPEMTСморгунов Л.В. Знание и публичное управление: от утверждения нормы к суждению // Политическая наука. 2016. № 2. С. 181-197. EDN: WCJRJFСморгунов Л.В. Знание и публичное управление: от утверждения нормы к суждению // Политическая наука. 2016. № 2. С. 181-197. EDN: WCJRJFСморгунов Л.В. Блокчейн как институт процедурной справедливости // Полис. Политические исследования. 2018. № 5. С. 88-99. -. DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2018.05.08 EDN: YAEHZBСморгунов Л.В. Блокчейн как институт процедурной справедливости // Полис. Политические исследования. 2018. № 5. С. 88-99. -. DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2018.05.08 EDN: YAEHZBСоловьев А.И. Административно-сетевые барьеры цифровизации государственного управления // Навстречу "цифровому обществу": экспертные оценки и прогнозы. М.: Наука, 2019. С. 34-42. EDN: RFMIYHСоловьев А.И. Административно-сетевые барьеры цифровизации государственного управления // Навстречу "цифровому обществу": экспертные оценки и прогнозы. М.: Наука, 2019. С. 34-42. EDN: RFMIYHФуллер С. Постправда: знание как борьба за власть. М.: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2021. 368 с.Фуллер С. Постправда: знание как борьба за власть. М.: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2021. 368 с.Шерстобитов А.С., Кусик О.А. Криптовалюты как вызов управляемости: публичная политика современных государств в различных сетевых и политико-административных контекстах // Социальные и гуманитарные знания. 2018. Т. 4, № 2 (14). С. 88-99.Шерстобитов А.С., Кусик О.А. Криптовалюты как вызов управляемости: публичная политика современных государств в различных сетевых и политико-административных контекстах // Социальные и гуманитарные знания. 2018. Т. 4, № 2 (14). С. 88-99.Салин П. Иерархия равных. Как преодолеть кризис системы международных отношений // Россия в глобальной политике. 2017. № 5. С. 129-140. EDN: YKXKHYСалин П. Иерархия равных. Как преодолеть кризис системы международных отношений // Россия в глобальной политике. 2017. № 5. С. 129-140. EDN: YKXKHY

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.