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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2021.02.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-823</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАКУРСЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Институциональные решения этноконфессиональных конфликтов на Ближнем Востоке в контексте имперского опыта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Institutional solutions for sectarian conflicts in the Middle East in the context of imperial legacy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудряшова Ирина Владимировна, кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры сравнительной политологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.kudryashova@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козинцев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozintsev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козинцев Александр Сергеевич, преподаватель кафедры сравнительной политологии; младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozintsev.a.s@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow state institute of international relations, MFA&#13;
Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России; Институт научной информации по общественным&#13;
наукам (ИНИОН) РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow state institute of international relations, MFA Russia; Institute of scientific information on social sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Институциональные реформы</issue-title><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудряшова И.В., Козинцев А.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудряшова И.В., Козинцев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryashova I.V., Kozintsev A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/823">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/823</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен взгляд авторов на природу этноконфессиональных конфликтов в ближневосточных государствах, возможности их урегулирования и последующей трансформации. Выдвинута гипотеза, что наблюдаемый в настоящее время рост вооруженной конфронтации в значительной степени обусловлен нарушением сложившихся в имперский период режимов управления перифериями. В связи с этим исследовательский вопрос сформулирован следующим образом: может ли соответствующий имперский опыт быть использован для разработки институциональных решений этноконфессиональных конфликтов в странах региона - и если да, то каким образом. Решение этой задачи потребовало определить имперское политическое пространство в логике структурно-функционального подхода: выявить его основные элементы (ядро, полупериферии, полуядра и глубокие периферии) и охарактеризовать взаимосвязи между ними. Показано, что в результате формирования суверенных арабских государств происходило разрушение пространственных и функциональных зависимостей между этими элементами, оборачивающееся при уменьшении ресурсов государственного патронажа ростом конфронтации между этноконфессиональными сегментами. Гипотеза верифицирована путем сравнительного анализа ряда конфликтов в предложенной рамке. Сделан вывод, что их эффективное институциональное решение предполагает опору на принципы децентрализации государственной власти и структурного плюрализма, использование которых дает возможность перезапустить «спящие» имперские практики с целью ослабления этноконфессиональной конфронтации и укрепления легитимности государства. Среди различных реформ государственного устройства, позволяющих добиться комплементарности формальных и неформальных институтов, отмечены федерализация, функциональная и территориальная автономия, консоционализм, развитие местного самоуправления и некоторые другие.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article focuses on the nature of sectarian conflicts in the Middle East as well as ways to resolve this and possible transformations. We assume that the rising level of ethnic confrontation stems from the disruption of governance regimes established during the Ottoman Empire. Hence, the research question states as follows: are there any ways to use the imperial practices of ethnocultural diversity management as the institutional framework for the resolution of current sectarian conflicts? By applying a structural functional approach, we identify the political space of the late Ottoman Empire, its main elements and constellation. We show that the process of state-building in the Middle East resulted in the decay of social ties between local communities and the increase of ethnic violence. These claims are confirmed by comparative analysis of a number of conflicts. It is found that the institutional framework for conflict resolution in Arab states should be based on political devolution and power-dividing agreements. This allows to reset inactive imperial practices in order to mitigate violence and enhance legitimacy. We point out that among the various reforms designed to achieve harmonization of formal and informal political institutions are fede- ralization, non-territorial autonomy, consociationalism and local governance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этноконфессиональный конфликт</kwd><kwd>национальное государство</kwd><kwd>этнокультурная разнородность</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>имперское управление</kwd><kwd>имперское пространство</kwd><kwd>формальные и неформальные институты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sectarian conflict</kwd><kwd>nation–state</kwd><kwd>ethno-cultural heterogeneity</kwd><kwd>the Middle East</kwd><kwd>imperial space</kwd><kwd>imperial governance</kwd><kwd>formal and informal institutions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ибн аль-Аджами С. 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