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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2020.04.14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-860</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Президентская или парламентская система: что препятствует этническому конфликту?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Presidential or parliamentary system: what hinds an ethnic conflict?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зазнаев</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaznaev</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зазнаев Олег Иванович, доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой политологии</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Oleg.Zaznaev@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сидоров Виктор Владимирович, кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры политологии</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Viktor.Sidorov86@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) federal university<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Политическая идентичность</issue-title><fpage>290</fpage><lpage>308</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зазнаев О.И., Сидоров В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зазнаев О.И., Сидоров В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaznaev O.I., Sidorov V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/860">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/860</self-uri><abstract><p>Управление этническими конфликтами включает в себя комплекс мер институционального и неинституционального порядка, направленных на предотвращение, урегулирование и разрешение конфликтов на этнической почве. Среди большого числа мер, к которым прибегают государства и другие политические акторы, можно особо выделить оптимальную организацию власти, способную «погасить» и «затушить» этнически окрашенные конфликты, вплоть до насилия, вооруженных столкновений и войн. В статье анализируется малоизученная в научной литературе проблема взаимосвязи между формой правления и этническими конфликтами. Авторы отвечают на вопрос о том, какая из форм правления - президентская или парламентская - создает риски возникновения конфликтов на этнической почве. Цель статьи - определить институциональные элементы, представляющие угрозу для этнического мира и согласия, а также показать позитивные черты президенциализма и парламентаризма, которые смягчают этнические конфликты. В качестве основного методологического подхода авторы выбрали неоинституционализм, определяющий центральное место политических институтов в объяснении природы этнических конфликтов. Выводы авторов основываются на проведенном сравнительном анализе теоретических и эмпирических результатов исследований этнических конфликтов. Авторы приходят к выводу, что президентская система создает более благоприятные условия для урегулирования этнических конфликтов по сравнению с парламентской. Для того чтобы «сгладить» негативные последствия президентской и парламентской систем, государства прибегают к институциональным «экспериментам», модернизируя классические модели. В статье рассматриваются атипичные системы и атипичные элементы систем, помогающие решить проблемы, свойственные «чистой» президентской и «чистой» парламентской системе. Также дается оценка эмпирическим исследованиям, в которых на основе большого массива данных выявляются взаимосвязи между формами правления и этническими конфликтами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ethnic conflict management includes a set of institutional and non-institutional features for preventing and resolving ethnic conflicts. Among the large number of measures of national states and other political actors, one can especially figure out - the optimal organization of government system, which can calm ethnically colored conflicts, up to violence, armed warfare and civil wars. This article discusses the problem of the relationship between forms of government, on the one hand, and ethnic conflicts, on the other. That causation received small attention in political science. The authors answer the question of which form of government - presidential or parliamentary - creates risks of ethnic conflict. The purpose of the article is to identify institutional elements that pose a threat to ethnic peace and harmony, as well as show the positive features of presidentialism and parliamentarism that to calm ethnic conflicts. The authors chose neoinstitutionalism as the main methodological approach, which determines the central place of political institutions in explaining the nature of ethnic conflicts. The authors' conclusions are based on a comparative analysis of the theoretical and empirical results of studies of ethnic conflicts. The authors conclude that the presidential system creates more favorable conditions for calming ethnic conflicts that the parliamentary system do. In order to “smooth out” the negative consequences of the presidential and parliamentary systems, national governments conduct institutional “experiments” to modernize classical institutional models. The article discusses atypical systems and atypical elements of systems that help solve problems inherent in a “pure” presidential and “pure” parliamentary system. The article also assesses empirical studies that providing research on causation between government and ethnic conflicts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этнический конфликт</kwd><kwd>форма правления</kwd><kwd>президентская система</kwd><kwd>парламентская система</kwd><kwd>политические институты</kwd><kwd>управление конфлик- том</kwd><kwd>урегулирование конфликта</kwd><kwd>разрешение конфликта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethnic conflict</kwd><kwd>form of government</kwd><kwd>presidential system</kwd><kwd>parliamen- tary system</kwd><kwd>political institution</kwd><kwd>conflict management</kwd><kwd>conflict resolution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зазнаев О.И. Осмысление форм правления в зарубежной политической науке: новейшие дискуссии // Политическая наука. 2014. № 1. С. 10-33. 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