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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Политическая наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-1775</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИНИОН РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31249/poln/2023.04.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politscience-993</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТЕКСТ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейросети нового поколения в контексте технологий искусственного интеллекта, философии и социально-политических наук</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New generation neural networks in the context of artificial intelligence technologies, philosophy and socio-political sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдонин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdonin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдонин Владимир Сергеевич, доктор политических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела политической науки</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Avdonin Vladimir</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdoninvla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силаева</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silaeva</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Силаева Виктория Леонидовна, кандидат философских наук, научный сотрудник Отдела политической науки</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Silaeva Victoria</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seva@starlink.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт научной информации по общественным наукам (ИНИОН) РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">INION<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Политическая наука в условиях социальных и технологических изменений</issue-title><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авдонин В.С., Силаева В.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авдонин В.С., Силаева В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avdonin V.S., Silaeva V.L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/993">https://www.politnauka.ru/jour/article/view/993</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье процессы влияния технологических изменений на политическую науку исследуются на примере технологии нейросетей нового поколения (чат GPT и др.), вызвавших большой резонанс в медиасфере на рубеже 2022–2023 гг. Анализу собственно этого влияния авторы предпосылают краткий историко-научный обзор возникновения и развития нейросетевых технологий и тех их особенностей и возможностей, которые нашли воплощение в системах нового поколения. Само появление этих систем и демонстрация их возможностей в различных областях и сферах деятельности рассматривается не только как важный этап в развитии компьютерных технологий, прокладывающий путь к созданию «сильного» искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), но и как событие в мировом технологическом развитии, способное влиять на самые разные области жизни и деятельности человечества, что показывает беспрецедентная реакция на него в мировой политике (вплоть до мирового саммита и СБ ООН). В статье также освещается философский контекст, в котором предпочтительно вести осмысление этих новых технологий и их возможностей. Таковым может быть область философии информации и ее трактовка в трудах философа Лючано Флориди, обладающая рядом преимуществ перед другими подходами. В анализе влияния этих новых технологий на социально-политические науки авторы исходят из концепции гибридных междисциплинарных научных областей, которые возникают на стыках наук и обладают особенностями, отличающими их от традиционных полей этих наук. В статье рассматриваются гибридные области вычислительных социальных наук, развивающиеся на стыке компьютерных и социальных наук.  На примере политической науки авторы предлагают рассмотреть два сценария («адаптационный» и «ревизионистский») влияния на нее появившихся технологий ИИ нового поколения, каждый из которых уже находит некоторое проявление в ряде новейших публикаций политологов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article, the processes of the impact of technological changes on political science are investigated on the example of new generation neural network technology (GPT chat, etc.), which caused a great resonance in the media at the turn of 2022–2023. The authors preface the analysis of the influence with a brief historical and scientific review of the emergence and development of neural network technologies and their features and capabilities that have been embodied in new generation systems. The very appearance of these systems and demonstration of their capabilities in various fields and spheres of activity is considered not only as an important stage in the development of computer technology, paving the way to the creation of «strong» artificial intelligence (AI), but also as an event in global technological development, capable of influencing various areas of life and activities of mankind, which is shown by the unprecedented reaction to it in world politics (up to the world summit and the UN Security Council). The article also highlights the philosophical context in which it is preferable to think about these new technologies and their capabilities. This may be the area of philosophy of information and its interpretation in the works of the philosopher Luciano Floridi, which has a number of advantages over other approaches. Analyzing the impact of these new technologies on the socio-political sciences, the authors proceed from the concept of hybrid interdisciplinary scientific fields that arise at the intersection of sciences and have features that distinguish them from the traditional fields of these sciences. The article discusses hybrid fields of computational social sciences developing at the intersection of computer and social sciences. Using the example of political science, the authors propose two scenarios («adaptive» and «revisionist») of the influence of emerging technologies of new generation neural networks on it, each of which is already manifested in a number of the latest publications of political scientists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>большие языковые модели</kwd><kwd>философия ИИ</kwd><kwd>философия информации</kwd><kwd>Лючано Флориди</kwd><kwd>инфосфера</kwd><kwd>социальные науки</kwd><kwd>гибридные области</kwd><kwd>вычислительные социальные науки</kwd><kwd>традиционная политология</kwd><kwd>реформа политических теорий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>large language models</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>transformer architecture</kwd><kwd>information philosophy</kwd><kwd>Luciano Floridi</kwd><kwd>infosphere</kwd><kwd>information theories</kwd><kwd>information agents</kwd><kwd>social sciences</kwd><kwd>hybrid fields</kwd><kwd>computational social sciences</kwd><kwd>traditional political science</kwd><kwd>political theory reform</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдонин В.С. 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