Две моих мечты. (Изложение лекции Рейна Таагеперы, лауреата премии имени Карла Дойча)
Аннотация
Наука шагает на двух ногах. Первый шаг заключается в вопросе о положении дел. Ответ дают наблюдение, измерение, визуализация и статистическое описание. Второй шаг состоит в выяснении того, как должны бы обстоять дела из соображений логики. Тут ответ дают логические модели, подкрепленные количественными предсказаниями. Наука большей частью состоит из таких моделей, проверяемых на данных. Развитая наука устанавливает связи не только между индивидуальными факторами, но и связи между этими связями. Однако социальные науки часто идут более простой дорогой и подгоняют исходные данные под прямую линию или какую-то модную схему, не отдавая себе отчета в необходимости думать и строить модели на основе логики. Решительное обновление методологии социальных наук является настоятельным.
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