The authority of president in the process of implementation of political leader's course. M. Gorbachev's and B. Yeltsin's experience

Abstract

Discusses the genesis of the institute of presidency in the USSR in 1990, identifies the political factors that led to the establishment of the post of the President in the Soviet Union, analyzed the authority of the President of the USSR, the usage by the President of USSR M.S. Gorbachev of the practice of issuing decrees for carrying out his policies for the solution of acute socio-political problems, the preservation of the integrity of the Union state, the support of science, education and culture. The practice of application by the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin of rule by decree is also considered. Yeltsin of the decree right in carrying out a course of «shock therapy», during the so-called August coup of 1991 and the October political crisis of 1993. The constitutional and legislative base of the Institute of presidency in the USSR, the RSFSR and the Russian Federation is studied. Particular emphasis is placed on comparing the original draft Constitution of the Russian Federation, submitted by Boris Yeltsin to the Constitutional Assembly in April 1993, and the final text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted by referendum on December 12, 1993. The further development of the legal basis of the Institute of presidency in Russia at the present stage is traced.