Preview

Политическая наука

Расширенный поиск

ГЕНДЕР И ВЫБОРЫ В ПРИЗНАННЫХ И НЕПРИЗНАННЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВАХ: ПАРЛАМЕНТСКИЕ ВЫБОРЫ 2012 г. В ГРУЗИИ И АБХАЗИИ

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматриваются гендерные аспекты результатов двух парламентских соревнований 2012 г. в признанном государстве Грузия и де-факто государстве Абхазия. Отличающиеся результаты голосования анализируются в контексте различий избирательной среды этих государств: электоральные системы, политические партии, влияние поправок в грузинском законодательстве 2012 г. на деятельность партий, которые включали в себя намерения поддержать 20%-ные гендерные квоты для кандидатов. В статье проводится гендерный анализ партийных кандидатов и результатов выборов. Путем сравнения нескольких кейсов избирательных кампаний женщин-кандидатов оценивается влияние электоральной среды на успех женщин-политиков.

Об авторе

Каролина О’Бойхин Стефанчак
Дублинский университет (Ирландия)
Россия


Список литературы

1. Распространенное грузинскими СМИ сообщение об отзыве Вануату официального признания Абхазии является не более чем фантазией Президента Грузии, - замминистра иностранных дел Ираклий Хинтба // Aпсныпресс. - Сухум, 2013. - 22 мая. - Режим доступа: http://apsnypress.info/news/9063.html (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

2. Численность населения Абхазии составляет 240 705 человек // Aпсныпресс. - Сухум, 2011. - 28 декабря. - Режим доступа: http://apsnypress.info/news/5084.html (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

3. Agrba I. Interview with the deputy speaker of the national assembly of Abkhazia. 2012. - Архив К. О’Бойхин Стефанчак.

4. Analysis of the State Audit Office monitoring service of political parties’ finance // Open Society Georgian Foundation. - Tbilisi, 2012. - Mode of access: http://www.osgf.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=15&info_id=3062 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

5. Bader M. Party politics in Georgia and Ukraine and the failure of Western assistance // Democratization. - L., 2010. - Vol. 17, N 6. - P. 1085-1107.

6. Ballington J. Strengthening internal political party democracy: Candidate recruitment from a gender perspective. - Durban, South Africa. 2004. - 10 p. - Mode of access: http://www.idea.int/gender/upload/JB (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

7. Bidzina Ivanishvili: Profile // Forbes. - N.Y., S.a. - Mode of access: http://www.forbes.com/profile/bidzina-ivanishvili/ (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

8. Broers L. After the «revolution»: Civil society and the challenges of consolidating democracy in Georgia //Central Asian survey. - L., 2005. - Vol. 24, N 3. - P. 333-350.

9. Caspersen N. Unrecognised States. The struggle for sovereignty in the modern international system. - Cambridge: Polity press, 2011. - 224 p.

10. Caul M. Women's representation in parliament: The role of political parties // Party politics. - L., 1999. - Vol. 5, N 1. - P. 79-98.

11. De facto states: The quest for sovereignty / Bahcheli T., Bartmann B., Srebrnik H. (eds.). - L.: Routledge, 2004. - 273 p.

12. Democracy and state building in Georgia, 1918-2010: The first Georgian Republic and its successors / Ed. by S.F. Jones. - L.: Routledge, 2012. - 352 p.

13. District, party nominating the candidate, first name, second name // Georgian Central Election Commission. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 21 September. - 14 p. - Mode of access: http://cesko.ge/files/2012/reg_majoritarebi_ENG.pdf (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

14. Electorally motivated public spending // Transparency international’s report. - 2012. - 20 July. - Mode of access: http://transparency.ge/en/post/report/new-report-electorally-motivated-spending (Дата посещения: 28.05.2013.)

15. Fall B. Conflict in the South Caucasus // Asian affairs. - L., 2006. - Vol. 37, N 2. - P. 198-209.

16. Four more prison officials arrested // Civil Georgia. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 27 September. - Mode of access: http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=25265 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

17. Galligan Y., Clavero S. Prospects for women's legislative representation in postsocialist Europe. The views of female politicians // Gender and society. - L., 2008. - Vol. 22, N 2. - P. 149-171.

18. Galligan Y., Tremblay M. Sharing power: Women, parliament, democracy. - Aldershot, Hants; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005. - 271 p.

19. Gelashvili Z. Interview with campaign manager of Eka Beselia. - 2013. - Архив К. О’Бойхин Стефанчак.

20. Gel'man V. Party politics in Russia: From competition to hierarchy // Europe-Asia studies. - L., 2008. - Vol. 60, N 6. - P. 913-930.

21. Gender politics and post-communism: Reflections from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union / Funk N., Mueller M. (eds.). - N.Y.: Routledge, 1993. - 349 p.

22. Georgia, parliamentary elections, 1 October 2012: Final report // OSCE/ODIHR. - 2012. - Mode of access: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/98399 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

23. Governing party MP to head the controversial state audit service in Georgia // Caucasus elections watch. - 2012. - 30 July. - Mode of access: http://electionswatch.org/

24. /07/30/governing-party-mp-to-head-the-controversial-state-audit-service-in-georgia/#more-539 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

25. Griffith-Traversy M.A. Gender equality and electoral systems // Democracy, parliament and electoral systems / Ed. by M.A. Griffith-Traversy. - L.; Sterling. Va.: Pluto press, 2002. - P. 89-97.

26. Gross E., Juncos A. EU conflict prevention and crisis management: Roles, institutions, and policies. - L.: Routledge, 2010. - 178 p.

27. GYLA deems fining of Ivanishvili and Kaladze unlawful // Georgian young lawyers’ association. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 17 August. - Mode of access: http://gyla.ge/eng/news?info=1300&print=1 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

28. Hopmann T.P. Managing conflict in post-Cold War Eurasia: The role of the OSCE in Europe's security «architecture» // International politics. - Dordrecht, 2003. - Vol. 40, N 1. - P. 75-100.

29. Information bulletin // Georgian Central Election Commission. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 2 October. - Mode of access: http://cesko.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=142&info_id=9745 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

30. Ivanishvili fined with USD 90.9 Million // Civil Georgia. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 11 June. - Mode of access: http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=24876 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

31. Jawad P. Conflict resolution through democracy promotion? The Role of the OSCE in Georgia // Democratization. - L., 2008. - Vol. 15, N 3. - P. 611-629.

32. Khadjimba R. Interview with the Presidential candidate. - 2012. - Архив К. О’Бойхин Стефанчак.

33. King C. A rose among thorns: Georgia makes good // Foreign affairs. - N.Y., 2004. - Vol. 83, N 2. - P. 13-18.

34. Krook M.L. Women's representation in parliament: A qualitative comparative analysis // Political studies. - Oxford, 2010. - Vol. 58, N 5. - Р. 886-908.

35. Kunovich S., Paxton P. Pathways to power: The role of political parties in women’s national political representation // American journal of sociology. - Chicago, 2005. - Vol. 111, N 2. - Р. 505-552.

36. Kvarchelia L. Interview. - 2012. - Архив К. О’Бойхин Стефанчак.

37. Lewis P. Political parties in post-communist Eastern Europe. - L.; N.Y.: Routledge, 2000. - 202 p.

38. Lovenduski J., Norris P. Gender and party politics. - L.; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1993. - 358 p.

39. Lynch D. Engaging Eurasia's separatist states: Unresolved conflicts and de facto states. - Washington, DC: US Institute of peace press, 2004. - xvii, 170 p.

40. Matland R.E. Women's representation in national legislatures: Developed and developing countries // Legislative studies quarterly. - Iowa City, Iow, 1998. - Vol. 23, N 1. - P. 109-125.

41. McAllister I., Studlar D.T. Electoral systems and women's representation: A long-term perspective // Representation. - L., 2002. - Vol. 39, N 1. - Р. 3-14.

42. Millard F. Elections, parties, and representation in post-communist Europe. - N.Y.: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004. - xxiii, 350 p.

43. Mitchell L.A. Compromising democracy: State building in Saakashvili's Georgia // Central Asian survey. - L., 2009. - Vol. 28, N 2. - Р. 171-183.

44. Mitchell L.A. Democracy in Georgia since the rose revolution // Orbis. - Philadelphia, PA, 2006. - Vol. 50, N 4. - Р. 669-676.

45. Mitchell L.A. Uncertain democracy: U.S. foreign policy and Georgia's rose revolution. - Philadelphia, PA: Univ. of Pennsylvania press, 2008. - 180 p.

46. Moser R.G. The effects of electoral systems on women's representation in post-communist states // Electoral studies. - Oxford, 2001. - Vol. 20, N 3. - Р. 353-369.

47. Nechemias C. Politics in post-Soviet Russia: Where are the women? // Demokratizatsiya. - L., 2000. - Vol. 8, N 2. - Р. 199-218.

48. New head of state audit service appointed // Civil Georgia. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 25 July. - Mode of access: http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=25040 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

49. Nodia G., Scholtbach A.P. The political landscape of Georgia: Political parties: Achievements, challenges and prospects. - Delft: Eburon, 2007. - 268 p.

50. Norris P., Krook M.L. Gender equality in elected office: A six-step action plan. - Warsaw: OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, 2011. - 79 p.

51. Norton P., Olson D.M. Legislatures in democratic transition // The journal of legislative studies. - L., 1996 a. - Vol. 2, N 1. - Р. 1-15.

52. Norton P., Olson D.M. Parliaments in adolescence // The journal of legislative studies. - L., 1996 b. - Vol. 2, N 1. - Р. 231-43.

53. Norton P., Olson D.M. Post-communist and post-Soviet legislatures: Beyond transition // The journal of legislative studies. - L., 2007. - Vol. 13, N 1.-Р. 1-11.

54. Number of voters // Georgian Central Election Commission. - Tbilisi, 2012. - Mode of access: http://cesko.ge/files/TEA/Number_of_voters1.pdf (Дата посещения: 23.05.2013.)

55. Ó Beacháin D. Roses and tulips: Dynamics of regime change in Georgia and Kyrgyzstan // Journal of communist studies and transition politics. - L., 2009. - Vol. 25, N 2-3. -Р. 199-226.

56. Ó Beacháin D. The dynamics of electoral politics in Abkhazia // Journal of communist studies and transition politics. - L., 2012. - Vol. 45, N 1-2. - P. 165-174.

57. O’Loughlin J., Kolossov V., Toal G. Inside Abkhazia: Survey of attitudes in a de facto state // Post-Soviet affairs. - Silver Spring, MD, 2011. - Vol. 27, N 1. - P. 1-36.

58. Paxton P. Women in national legislatures: A cross-national analysis // Social science research. - San Diego, CA, 1997. - Vol. 26, N 4. - P. 442-464.

59. Political parties’ funding in 2011 // Civil Georgia. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 9 February. - Mode of access: http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=24426 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

60. Popescu N. Democracy in secessionism: Transnistria and Abkhazia’s domestic policies. - Budapest, 2006. - Mode of access: http://www.policy.hu/npopescu/ipf%20info/IPF%204%20democracy%20in%20secessionism.pdf (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

61. Popescu N. EU foreign policy and post-Soviet conflicts: Stealth intervention. - L.; N.Y.: Routledge, 2011. - 157 p.

62. Population / GEOSTAT: National statistics office of Georgia. - S.a. - Mode of access: http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=152&lang=eng (Дата посещения: 23.05.2013.)

63. Post-Soviet women: From the Baltic to Central Asia / Ed by M. Buckley. - Cambridge: Cambridge univ. press, 1997. - 316 p.

64. Public attitudes in Georgia / National democratic institute. - Tbilisi, 2012 b. - August.-50 p. - Mode of access: https://www.ndi.org/files/Georgia-Aug-2012-Survey.pdf (Дата посещения: 23.05.2013.)

65. Public attitudes in Georgia / National democratic institute. - Tbilisi, 2012 a. - June.-114 p. - Mode of access: https://www.ndi.org/files/Georgia-NDI-survey-update-June2012-ENG.pdf (Дата посещения: 23.05.2013.)

66. Racioppi L., O'Sullivan See K. Organizing women before and after the fall: Women's politics in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia // Signs. - Chicago, 1995. - Vol. 20, N 4. - Р. 818-850.

67. Report on the elections of the parliament of Georgia 2012 // Georgian Central Election Commission. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 64 p. - Mode of access: http://cesko.ge/files/2012/REPORT_2012_-NEW.pdf (Дата посещения: 23.05.2013.)

68. Rose R., Munro N. Parties and elections in new European democracies. - Wivenhoe Park, Colchester: ECPR Press, 2009. - xii, 275 p.

69. Rule W. Women's underrepresentation and electoral systems // PS: Political science and politics. - Washington, D.C., 1994. - Vol. 27, N 4. - P. 689-692.

70. Saakashvili meets Vanuatu's PM, thanks for revoking Abkhaz recognition // Civil Georgia. - 2013. - 20 May. - Mode of access: http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=24876 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

71. Shalva Natelashvili // Civil Georgia. - Tbilisi, 2007. - 21 December. - Mode of access: http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=16635 (Дата посещения: 23.05.2013.)

72. Siroky D.S., Aprasidze D. Guns, roses and democratization: Huntington's secret admirer in the Caucasus // Democratization. - L., 2011. - Vol. 18, N 6. - P. 1227-1245.

73. Students hit streets to protest prison abuse // Civil Georgia. - Tbilisi, 2012. - 20 September. - Mode of access: http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=25232 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)

74. Tatum J.D. Democratic transition in Georgia: Post-rose revolution internal pressures on leadership // Caucasian review of international affairs. - Frankfurt a. M., 2009. - Vol. 3, N 2. - P. 156-171.

75. Tremblay M. Democracy, representation, and women: A comparative analysis // Democratisation. - L., 2007. - Vol. 14, N 4. - P. 533-553.

76. Unrecognized states in the international system / Caspersen N., Stansfield G. (eds.) - N.Y.: Routledge, 2010. - 253 p.

77. Usha K.B. Political empowerment of women in Soviet Union and Russia ideology and implementation // International studies. - Bombay, 2005. - Vol. 42, N 2. - P. 141-165.

78. Women's access to political power in post-communist Europe / Matland R., Montgomery K. (eds.). - Oxford; N.Y.: Oxford univ. press, 2003. - 369 p.

79. პატიმრების წამება გლდანის ციხეში = [Пытки заключенных в тюрьме в Тбилиси] // YouTube. - Tbilisi, 2012. - Mode of access: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozecFhW3SH4 (Дата посещения: 30.05.2013.)


Рецензия

Просмотров: 102


Creative Commons License
Контент доступен под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 1998-1775 (Print)