President in the system of state-religious relations of modern Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of the religious factor of Russian presidentialism and the mechanisms of communication between the President and religious organizations. The author distinguishes two typical communication algorithms: algorithm «A» (development of mechanisms of articulation of religious organizations' interests and the formation of institutions of their representation in order to influence decision-making by public authorities) and algorithm «B» (the state uses the religious factor in the implementation of state policy, using existing or creating new mechanisms of communication for interaction with religious organizations). It is shown how these algorithms were implemented in solving specific problems facing the state and religious organizations (development and adoption of the law «On freedom of conscience and religious associations», the transfer of ownership of religious buildings to religious organizations, etc.). In the article the analysis of the institutes of the communication of the President with religious organizations. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the functions of the Council for interaction with religious associations under the President of the Russian Federation and their evolution. It is concluded that the Council is the most important institution that allows religious organizations to articulate their interests in their interaction with the President, that membership in the Council is a de facto criterion of the traditional character of a religious organization, which in turn opens up opportunities for its joint activities with state institutions. At the same time, the President's direct communication with the leaders of religious organizations outside the framework of state institutions is also important. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the mediation function of the President in resolving conflict situations in the religious sphere. The importance of this function in the period of V. Putin's power is shown. The mediation mission of the President is analyzed on the example of overcoming the conflict between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and in a number of other subjects. The symbolic aspect of interaction between the President and religious organizations is also considered; it is shown that the religious factor is manifested in the inauguration ceremony of the presidents, and belonging to the Orthodox religious tradition is one of the components of the image of Russian presidents. The conclusion is made about the peculiarities and evolution of the interaction between the President and religious organizations: the formation of their institutional foundations by the end of the 1990 s, the predominance of the algorithm «A» until the early 2000 s and its gradual replacement by the algorithm «B» in the subsequent period; and also that their key actor is the Russian Orthodox Church, which realizes most of the opportunities available to religious organizations to build interactions with the President of Russia.

президент России, религиозная политика, государственно-конфессиональные отношения, государственные институты, религиозные организации, Русская православная церковь, President of Russia, religious policy, state-religious relation, state institutions, religious organizations, Russian Orthodox Church

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