Пандемия коронавируса, «децентрализация» и (не)одобрение глав регионов в социальных сетях: что имеет значение?

В апреле 2020 г. федеральные власти РФ передали дополнительные полномочия по введению противоэпидемических мер на региональный уровень. В то время как некоторые эксперты видят в этом шаг на пути к развитию федерализма, большинство исследователей рассматривают его как попытку переложить ответственность за решения и их последствия на глав регионов. Наделение губернаторов дополнительными полномочиями привело к росту внимания к ним в социальных медиа, представляющих определенный срез общественного мнения об их деятельности. В рамках данного исследования предпринимается попытка выяснить, в какой мере децентрализация сказалась на отношении к главам регионов в социальных сетях, было ли это влияние позитивным или негативным, а также в какой мере эффективность регионального управления и активность губернаторов в соцсетях могли его опосредовать. В работе используется регрессионный анализ данных за апрель - ноябрь 2020 г. в 80 регионах. Результаты исследования позволяют сделать предварительный вывод, что одобрение и неодобрение губернаторов действительно зависело от степени принятых ограничений: чем выше строгость законодательства, тем выше доля негативных комментариев и тем ниже - позитивных. Управленческий фактор при этом также имел значение: эффективность политического управления и успешность социальной политики положительно сказывались на имидже глав регионов в указанный период. Напротив, активность губернаторов в социальных сетях свою значимость не подтвердила, что позволяет говорить о пока недостаточном использовании этого ресурса региональными властями. Результаты вносят вклад в изучение последствий пандемии в России, а также в исследование роли государственного управления и Интернета в российской политической динамике.

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