Deputies of the State Duma as actors of the Russian politics of memory: the case of the federal law “On the days of military glory and commemorative dates of Russia”
https://doi.org/10.31249/poln/2023.01.05
Abstract
The article contributes to the literature about the key actors of the Russian politics of memory, as public activity focused at promotion of specific interpretations of collective past. It takes the transformations of the federal law «On the days of military glory and commemorative dates of Russia» as a case for analysis of the role of the deputies of State Duma in constructing the infrastructure for commemorations of collective past. The case of this law was selected not only because of its role in establishing the official commemorative calendar, but also because the multiple amendments to this law provide a rich material for revealing the struggle of the Russian parliamentary parties for interpretation of the collective past in changing political context. The analysis was based on multiple versions of the law available in «Garant» database, information about the bills about amendments and transcripts of Duma’s proceedings available at its official website. The article follows the transformations of the law from 1995 till 2022. It characterizes mnemonic agendas of the parliamentary parties that are concerned with commemoration of specific types of historical events, and describes deputies as specific mnemonic actors, who have to take into account imperatives of electoral struggle and party ideologies.
Keywords
About the Authors
O. Yu. MalinovaRussian Federation
Moscow
N. V. Karpova
Russian Federation
Moscow
References
1. Anikin D.A. Point of (No) return: the collapse of the USSR and the formation of a new Russia in the memorial discourse of the Russian Orthodox Church. Tempus et Memoria. 2021, Vol. 2, N 3, P. 27–35. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.15826/tetm.2021.3.020 (In Russ.)
2. Autry R. The political economy of memory: the challenges of representing national conflict at «identity-driven» museums. Theory and society. 2013, Vol. 42, N 1, P. 57–80.
3. Bogumił Z., Łukaszewicz M. Between history and religion: the new Russian martyrdom as an invented tradition. East European politics and societies and cultures. 2018, Vol. 32, N 4, P. 936–963. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417747969
4. Brandenberger D. A new short course? A.V. Filippov and the Russian state’s search for a «usable past». Kritika: explorations in Russian and Eurasian history. 2009, Vol. 10, N 4, P. 825–833.
5. Edele M. Fighting Russia’s history wars: Vladimir Putin and the codification of World War II. History & memory. 2017, Vol. 29, N 2, P. 90–124. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.29.2.05
6. Efremova V.N. State holidays as tools of symbolic politics: the perspectives of theoretical description. Simvolicheskaia politika. Iss. 2. Moscow: INION RAS, 2014, P. 66–79. (In Russ.)
7. Gjerde K.L. The use of history in Russia 2000–2011: the Kremlin and the search for consensus. East European politics. 2015, Vol. 31, N 2, P. 149–169. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2015.103577
8. Kalashnikov A. Strength in diversity: multiple memories of the Soviet past in the Russian Communist Party (CPRF), 1993–2004. Nationalities papers. 2017, Vol. 45, N 3, P. 370–392. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1231668
9. Kalinina E. Beyond nostalgia for the Soviet past: interpreting documentaries on Russian television. European journal of cultural studies. 2017, Vol. 20, N 3, P. 285–306. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1367549416682245
10. Kaplan V. The vicissitudes of Socialism in Russian history textbooks. History & memory. 2009, Vol. 21, N 2, P. 83–109.
11. Kolstø P. Dmitrii Medvedev's commission against the falsification of history: why was it created and what did it achieve? A reassessment. The Slavonic and East European review. 2019, Vol. 97, N 4, P. 738–760.
12. Koposov N. Memory laws, memory wars: the politics of the past in Europe and Russia. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2018, XVI, 321 p.
13. Krzyżanowska N. The discourse of counter-monuments: semiotics of material commemoration in contemporary urban spaces. Social semiotics. 2016, Vol. 26, N 5, P. 465–485. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2015.1096132
14. Laruelle M. Commemorating 1917 in Russia: ambivalent state history policy and the Church’s conquest of the history market. Europe – Asia studies. 2018, Vol. 71, N 2, P. 249–267.
15. Liñán M.V. Modernization and historical memory in Russia: two sides of the same coin. Problems of Post-Communism. 2012, Vol. 59, N 6, P. 15–26. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-8216590602
16. Kurilla I.I. «The Immortal Regiment»: «a holiday with tears in one’s eyes», a parade of dead, or a mass protest? Counter-point. 2018, N 12, P. 1–11. (In Russ.)
17. Lavrikova I. The sphere of holidays as an ideological zone. Sotsium i vlast’. 2012, N 5 (37), P. 187–194. (In Russ.)
18. Lapin V.V. The Russian Historical Society (RIO) and the Russian Military Historical Society (RVIO) as tools of historical politics in the first quoter of the XXI century. In: Miller A., Efremenko D. (eds). The politics of memory in contemporary Russia and in countries of Eastern Europe. Saint Petersburg: EUSPb press, 2020, P. 74–95. (In Russ.)
19. Malinova O.Yu. The official historical narrative as a part of identity policy of the Russian state: from the 1990 s to the 2010 s. Polis. Political studies. 2016, N 6, P. 139–158. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2016.06.10 (In Russ.)
20. Malinova O.Yu. Commemorations of historical events as tools of symbolic politics: perspectives of comparative analysis. Politea. 2017, N 4, P. 6–22. https://www.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2017-87-4-6-22 (In Russ.)
21. Malinova O.Yu. Who forms official historical narrative and how? Analysis of Russian practices. Politea. 2019, N 3, P. 103–126. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2019-94-3-103-126 (In Russ.)
22. Myasnikov S.A. Why ‘Crimea is Russian’: analysis of the justification of Crimea joining Russia in the speeches of V.V. Putin and Russian MFA. Political science (RU). 2020, N 2, P. 234–255. (In Russ.)
23. Miller A.I. The role of expert communities in memory politics in Russia. Politea. 2013, N 4 (71), P. 114–126. (In Russ.)
24. Pakhalyuk K.A. Historical memory in the foreign policy discourse of the modern Russia. Political science (RU). 2018, N 3, P. 291–314. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2018.03.12 (In Russ.)
25. Smith K.E. Mythmaking in the new Russia. Politics and memory during the Yeltsin era. Ithaca; London: Cornell university press, 2002, XI, 223 p.
26. Torbakov I. The Russian Orthodox Church and contestations over history in contemporary Russia. Demokratizatsiya. 2014, Vol. 22, N 1, P. 145–170.
27. Twenty years after communism: the politics of memory and commemoration. Bernhard M., Kubik J. (eds). Oxford: Oxford university press, 2014, XVIII, 362 p.
28. Wijermars M. Memory politics in contemporary Russia: television, cinema and the state. London, New York: Routledge, 2019, VIII, 258 p.