On measurement of states’ power on political decision-making on the example of votings in European Union institutions
Abstract
We discuss the problem of measurement of voting power distribution by means of classical power indices and power indices that take into account preferences in coalition formation. Examples of application to power distribution in the Council of the European Union and in the European Parliament are preceded by formal definition of the both types of indices, history of invention and discussion about limits to applicability.
Keywords
измерение влияния,
индексы влияния,
предпочтения по формированию коалиций,
влияние с учетом предпочтений,
приложения индексов влияния,
Совет министров ЕС,
Европейский парламент,
voting power measurement,
voting power indices,
preferences on coalition formation,
voting power with preferences on coalition formation,
application of voting power indices,
Council of Ministers of EU,
European parliament
About the Author
Rita Kamalova
National Research University Higher School of Economics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Алескеров Ф.Т. Индексы влияния, учитывающие предпочтения участников по созданию коалиций // Доклады Академии наук. - М., 2007. - Т. 414, № 5. - С. 594-597.
2. Вебер М. Основные социологические понятия («Хозяйство и общество», гл. 1) [1921] // Теоретическая социология: Антология: В 2 ч. / Под ред. С.П. Баньковской. - М.: Университет, 2002. - Ч. 1. - С. 70-146.
3. Ледяев В.Г. Концептуальные основания эмпирического исследования власти // Политическая концептология: Журнал метадисциплинарных исследований. - М., 2011. - № 4. - С. 50-65.
4. Погорельский К.Б. Методы оценки влияния участников в задаче принятия коллективных решений: Обзор основных направлений // Проблемы управления. - М., 2011. - № 5. - С. 2-13.
5. Политический атлас современности: Опыт многомерного статистического анализа политических систем современных государств / А.Ю. Мельвиль, М.В. Ильин, Ю.А. Полунин, М.Г. Миронюк, Е.Ю. Мелешкина, И.Н. Тимофеев. - М.: МГИМО-Университет, 2007. - 272 с.
6. Торра В. Математика и выборы. Принятие решений // Мир математики. - М., 2014. - № 45. - 152 с.
7. Якуба В.И. Анализ распределения влияния участников при различных правилах принятия решений в Совете министров расширенного Европейского союза: Препринт WP7/2003/03. - М.: ГУ-ВШЭ, 2003. - 16 с.
8. Albert M. The voting power approach: Measurement without theory // European Union politics. - L., 2000. - Vol. 4, N 3. - P. 351-366.
9. Aleskerov F. Power indices taking into account agents’ preferences // Mathematics and democracy. Recent Advances in voting systems and collective choice / B. Simeone, F. Pukelsheim (eds.). - Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, 2006. - P. 1-18.
10. European Union Enlargement: Power Distribution Implications of the New Institutional Arrangements / F.T. Aleskerov, G. Avci, V. Iakouba, Z. Turem // European journal of political research. - Hoboken, 2002. - Vol. 41, N 3. - P. 379-394.
11. Algaba E., Bilbao J.M., Fernández J.L. The distribution of power in the European Constitution // European journal of operational research. - Amsterdam, 2007. - Vol. 176, N 3. - P. 1752-1755.
12. Theoretical vs empirical power indices: Do preferences matter? / H. Badinger, M. Mühlböck, E. Nindl, W.H. Reuter // European journal of political economy. - N.Y., 2014. - Vol. 36. - P. 158-176.
13. Banzhaf J.F. Weighted voting doesn’t work: A mathematical analysis // Rutgers law review. - Newark, 1965. - Vol. 19. - P. 317-43.
14. Banzhaf J.F. Multi-Member electoral districts-do they violate the «one man, one vote» principle // Yale law journal. - New Heaven, 1966. - N 75. - P. 1309-1338.
15. Barr J., Passarelli F. Who has the power in the EU? // Mathematical social sciences. - Amsterdam, 2009. - Vol. 57, N 3. - P. 339-366.
16. Bilal S., Hosli M.O. Connected coalition formation and voting power in the council of the European Union: An Endogenous policy approach: Working paper, 99/W/05, European Institute of Public Administration (EIPA). - Maastricht, 1999. - 31 p.
17. Voting power in the European Union enlargement / J.M. Bilbao, J.R. Fernandez, N. Jimenez, J.J. Lopez // European journal of operational research. - Amsterdam, 2002. - Vol. 143. - P. 181-196.
18. Braham M., Holler M.J. Power and preferences again: A Reply to Napel and Widgren // Journal of theoretical politics. - L., 2005 a. - Vol. 17, N 3. - P. 389-395.
19. Braham M., Holler M.J. The impossibility of a preference-based power index // Journal of theoretical politics. - L., 2005 b. - Vol. 17, N 3. - P. 137-157.
20. Brams S.J., Affuso P.J. New paradoxes of voting power on the EC Council of ministers // Electoral studies. - Oxford, 1985. - Vol. 4. - P. 135-139.
21. Colomer J.M., Hosli M.O. Decision-making in the European Union: The power of political parties // Decision rules in the European Union / P. Moser, G. Schneider, G. Kirchgässner (eds). - L.: Macmillan, 2000. - P. 234-259.
22. Costello R., Thomson R. The Distribution of power among EU institutions: Who wins under codecision and why? // Journal of European public policy. - Oxfordshire, 2013. - Vol. 20, N 7. - P. 1025-1039.
23. Felsenthal D., Machover M. The measurement of voting power: Theory and practice, problems and paradoxes. - L.: Edward Elgar, 1998. - 322 p.
24. In defense of voting power analysis / D.S. Felsenthal, D. Leech, Ch. List, M. Machover // European Union politics. - L., 2003. - Vol. 4, N 4. - P. 473-497.
25. Felsenthal D.S., Machover M. Myths and meanings of voting power comments on a symposium // Journal of theoretical politics. - L., 2001. - Vol. 13, N 1. - P. 81-97.
26. García-Valiñas M.A., Zaporozhets V. Key-drivers of EU budget allocation: Does power matter?: TSE Working Paper. - Toulouse, 2015. - Vol. 15. - 31 p.
27. Garrett G., Tsebelis G. Why resist the temptation of power indices in the EU // Journal of theoretical politics. - L., 1999. - Vol. 11, N 3. - P. 291-308.
28. Godfrey J. Computation of the Shapley-Owen power index in two dimensions: 4 th Annual workshop: University of Warwick. - Coventry, 2005. - 12 p.
29. Hix S., Noury A. Government-opposition or left-right? The institutional determinants of voting in legislatures // Political science research and methods. - Cambrige, 2016. - Vol. 4, N 2. - P. 249-273.
30. Hosli M.O. Voting strength in the European Parliament: The Influence of national and of partisan actors // European journal of political research. - Hoboken, 1997. - Vol. 31. - P. 351-366.
31. Kauppi H., Widgrén M. Voting rules and budget allocation in the enlarged EU // Journal of political economy. - Chicago, 2007. - Vol. 23. - P. 693-706.
32. Kóczy L.Á. Beyond Lisbon: Demographic trends and voting power in the European Union Council of ministers // Mathematical social sciences. - Amsterdam, 2012. - Vol. 63, N 2. - P. 152-158.
33. Le Breton M., Montero M., Zaporozhets V. Voting power in the EU Council of Ministers and fair decision making in distributive politics // Mathematical social sciences. - Amsterdam, 2012. - Vol. 63. - P. 159-173.
34. Lindner I. Annick Laruelle and Federico Valenciano: Voting and collective decision-making // Social choice and welfare. - N.Y., 2012. - Vol. 38, N 1. - P. 161-179.
35. Napel S., Widgrén M. Power measurement as sensitivity analysis - A unified approach // Journal of theoretical politics. - L., 2004. - N 16. - P. 517-538.
36. Napel S., Widgrén M. The possibility of a preference-based power index // Journal of theoretical politics. - L., 2005. - Vol. 17. - P. 377-387.
37. Nurmi H. The Representation of Voter Groups in the European Parliament: A Penrose-Banzhaf Index Analysis // Electoral studies. - Oxford, 1997. - Vol. 16. - P. 317-339.
38. Owen G., Shapley L. Optimal location of candidates in ideological space // International journal of game theory. - Heidelberg, 1989. - Vol. 18. - P. 339-356.
39. Raunio T., Wiberg M. Controlling outcomes: Voting power in the European parliament 1979-2000 // Journal of European integration. - L., 2002. - Vol. 24, N 2. - P. 75-90.
40. Schmeidler D. The nucleolus of a characteristic function game // SIAM journal on applied mathematics. - Philadelphia, 1969. - Vol. 17. - P. 1163-1170.
41. Shapley L.S., Shubik M. A Method for evaluating the distribution of power in a committee system // American political science review. - N.Y., 1954. - Vol. 48, N 3. - P. 787-792.
42. Sutter M. Flexible integration, EMU and relative voting power in the EU // Public choice. - Dordrecht, 2000. - Vol. 104, N 1/2. - P. 41-62.
43. Widgrén M. The Impact of council voting rules on EU decision-making // CESifo economic studies. - Munich, 2009. - Vol. 55, N 1. - P. 30-56.
Review
Views:
177
JATS XML
Email this article 
Post a Comment 