New generation neural networks in the context of artificial intelligence technologies, philosophy and socio-political sciences

In the article, the processes of the impact of technological changes on political science are investigated on the example of new generation neural network technology (GPT chat, etc.), which caused a great resonance in the media at the turn of 2022–2023. The authors preface the analysis of the influence with a brief historical and scientific review of the emergence and development of neural network technologies and their features and capabilities that have been embodied in new generation systems. The very appearance of these systems and demonstration of their capabilities in various fields and spheres of activity is considered not only as an important stage in the development of computer technology, paving the way to the creation of «strong» artificial intelligence (AI), but also as an event in global technological development, capable of influencing various areas of life and activities of mankind, which is shown by the unprecedented reaction to it in world politics (up to the world summit and the UN Security Council). The article also highlights the philosophical context in which it is preferable to think about these new technologies and their capabilities. This may be the area of philosophy of information and its interpretation in the works of the philosopher Luciano Floridi, which has a number of advantages over other approaches. Analyzing the impact of these new technologies on the socio-political sciences, the authors proceed from the concept of hybrid interdisciplinary scientific fields that arise at the intersection of sciences and have features that distinguish them from the traditional fields of these sciences. The article discusses hybrid fields of computational social sciences developing at the intersection of computer and social sciences. Using the example of political science, the authors propose two scenarios («adaptive» and «revisionist») of the influence of emerging technologies of new generation neural networks on it, each of which is already manifested in a number of the latest publications of political scientists.

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